STRATEGI KEAMANAN SIBER PEMERINTAH INDIA DARI PERSPEKTIF KAUTILYA: SERANGAN SIBER MUMBAI 2020
Keywords:
serangan siber, Mumbai, India, Kautilya, Diplomasi Siber
Abstract
Pada tahun 2020, India mengalami serangan siber di Mumbai yang berdampak pada berbagai sektor vital di Mumbai. Perang siber menjadi arena pertempuran baru yang semakin mengukuhkan kemampuan sebuah negara dalam penguasaan teknologi di satu sisi dan kapabilitas pertahanan negara dalam mengamankan negaranya di sisi lain. Di era globalisasi, kebutuhan terhadap cybersecurity semakin krusial terutama dalam kaitannya dengan keamanan nasional. Tulisan ini mengangkat rumusan masalah bagaimanakah strategi cybersecurity pemerintah India dalam perspektif Kautilya dengan mengambil contoh kasus serangan siber Mumbai tahun 2020. Dalam mengelaborasi tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan konsep strategi perang klasik Kautilya yang relevan diterapkan di era kontemporer dan di luar kondisi perang fisik. Kesimpulan tulisan ini yaitu Pemerintah India mengupayakan penguatan sumber daya siber, mengambil posisi defensif untuk menjaga hubungan baik dengan negara lain dan menerapkan diplomasi siber baik bilateral maupun multilateral sebagai strategi cybersecurity. Serangan siber Mumbai 2020 mempengaruhi keamanan nasional India dalam keamanan ekonomi, pertahanan negara dan hubungan luar negeri. Pertahanan siber yang lemah menyebabkan India menderita kerugian sosio ekonomi.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
A, Johnson, T. (2015, 25 Desember). Cyber Security an Important Element of Foreign Policy : Deputy NSA Arvind Gupta. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cyber-security-an-important-element-of-foreign-policy-deputy-nsa-arvind-gupta/
Bhardwaj, Deeksha (2022, 23 Februari). A year on, cyber security strategy pending with government. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-year-on-cyber-security-strategy-pending-with-government-101645555771206.html .
Chandrasekaran, Pravin. (2006). “Kautilya: Politics, Ethics, and Statecraft”. MPRA Paper No. 9962. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9962/
Data Security Council of India. (2020). “National Cyber Security Strategy 2020” dalam DCSI Submission. https://www.dsci.in/sites/default/files/documents/resource_centre/National%20Cyber%20Security%20Strategy%202020%20DSCI%20submission.pdf
Dharmaraj, Samaya. (2021, 21 September). India to Create National Cyber Security. https://opengovasia.com/india-to-create-national-cyber-security-strategy-2020/ .
Dutta, Aratrika. (2021, 15 Juli). India’s cybersecurity strategy inclusion of Sovereignty. https://www.analyticsinsight.net/indias-cybersecurity-strategy-inclusion-of-sovereignty/
Ebert, Hannes. (2020). Cyber Resilience and Diplomacy in India Cyber Diplomacy and Resilience in India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343306442_Cyber_Resilience_and_Diplomacy_in_India_Cyber_Diplomacy_and_Resilience_in_India?enrichId=rgreq-f708b087884a0ab3f6ad20791389378f-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzM0MzMwNjQ0MjtBUzo5MTg5MzAzNDg2MDEzNDVAMTU5NjEwMTQ3NjQxNQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
Febrian, Ahmad. (2020, 19 Juni). Setelah Adu Kungfu dengan India, China dituding menyerang Australia. https://internasional.kontan.co.id/news/setelah-adu-kungfu-dengan-india-china-dituding-menyerang-australia?page=all
Freepressjournal. (2021). Mumbai : Maharashtra Cyber Cell warns People of Keepng Cyber Security on During Weekends. https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-maharashtra-cyber-cell-warns-people-of-keeping-cyber-security-on-during-weekends
GCSC Issue Brief. (2017). Briefings from the Research Advisory Groups. https://cyberstability.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GCSC-Briefings-from-the-Research-Advisory-Group_New-Delhi-2017.pdf
Gill, Prabhjote. (2021, 9 April). The Chinese Cyber Threat is Real – and India’s Best defence Right Now is to keep it’s outage time limited. https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/the-chinese-cyber-threat-is-real-and-indias-best-defence-right-now-is-to-keep-its-outage-time-limited/articleshow/81981886.cms
Ghosh, Shoumik. (2021, 1 November). Indias National Cybersecurity Awaiting Approval. https://www.bankinfosecurity.in/indias-national-cybersecurity-strategy-awaiting-approval-a-17829
IANS. (2021, 27 Oktober). India in Final Stages of Clearing national Cybersecurity Strategy. https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-in-final-stages-of-clearing-national-cybersecurity-strategy-121102700663_1.html
India Today Tech. (2021, 28 Juni). India a third-tier country in cyber warfare capabilities, report says US more powerful than China. https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/india-a-third-tier-country-in-cyber-warfare-capabilities-report-says-us-more-powerful-than-china-1820261-2021-06-28
IPDFforum. (2021, 11 April). Mumbai Blackout Serves as Cybersecurity alert for region. https://ipdefenseforum.com/2021/04/mumbai-blackout-serves-as-cybersecurity-alert-for-region/
Jadhav, Rajendra. (2018, 14 Agustus). India’s Cosmos Bank Loses $13.5 million in Cyber Attack. https://www.reuters.com/article/cyber-heist-india-idUSL4N1V551G
Kannan, Saikiran. (2021). China Continues to pose cyber security threats to India. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-continues-to-pose-cyber-security-threats-to-india-1856224-2021-09-23
Keelery, Sandhya. (2021, 2 Agustus). Cyber Security in India, - Statistics and Facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/8251/cyber-security-in-india/#dossierKeyfigures
Nugroho, Andi. (2021, 4 Oktober). Hacker China Lancarkan Serangan ke Times of India. https://cyberthreat.id/read/12523/Hacker-China-Lancarkan-Serangan-ke-Times-of-India
Mallick, Maj Gen P K, VSM (Retd). (2021). Chinese Cyber Exploitation in India’s Power Grid – Is There a linkage to Mumbai Power Outage? dalam Strategic Study India, Issue Brief No – 01/2021
Mathur, Anmol. (2022, 9 Maret). Cybersecurity: How is India Faring. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com//industry/services/education/cybersecurity-how-is-india-faring/articleshow/90092428.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Ministry of External Affairs. (2020). 6th India-EU Cyber Dialogue. https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33308/6th_IndiaEU_Cyber_Dialogue
Parmar, Sushma Devi. (n.d). Cybersecurity in India : An Evolving Concern for National Security. https://www.academicapress.com/journal/v1-1/Parmar_Cybersecurity-in-India.pdf
Pratiwi, Ratna Ayu Paramitha. (2008). “Analisis Persepsi Keamanan Nasional India Terhadap Serangan Siber dari Pakistan 2008-2017” dalam Journal of International Relations, Volume 5, Nomor 4, 2019, hal 764-771. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihi/article/view/25045/22297
Press trust of India. (2021, 1 Maret). Cyber Attack, Sabotage behind 2020 mumbai Power Outage.https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/cyber-attack-sabotage-behind-2020-mumbai-power-outage-raut-121030100908_1.html
Relacion, Philip John. (nd). Qualitatie Research Methods : Definition of Qualitative Research. https://www.academia.edu/37017373/Qualitative_Research_Methods_DEFINITION_OF_QUALITATIVE_RESEARCH
Relia, Col. Sanjeev Relia (Retd.). (2021, 4 Agustus). Indias Tryst With A New National Cyber Security Policy Heres What we need. https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indias-tryst-with-a-new-national-cyber-security-policy-heres-what-we-need/2304053/
Sabharwal, Lateeka. (2020, 6 Oktober). 5 Reasons Why India Needs Update Its Cyber Security Strategy. https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/why-india-needs-to-update-its-cyber-security-strategy/ .
Samuel, Cherian. (2014). “India’s International Cybersecurity Strategy” dalam Damien D Cheong, 2014. Cybersecurity : Some Critical Insights and Perspectives. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. p. 24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05892.6?seq=4
Sanger, David E dan Emily Schmall. (2021, 28 Februari). China Appears to Warn India: Push Too Hard and the Lights Could Go Out. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/28/us/politics/china-india-hacking-electricity.html
Sheth, Hemai. (2021, 30 Maret). 52% of Indian organisations suffered a successful cybersecurity attack in the last 12 months. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/52-of-indian-organisations-suffered-a-successful-cybersecurity-attack-in-the-last-12-months-survey/article34195953.ece
Singh, Col Harjeet. (2016). Evolution of Strategic Culture Based on Sun Tzu and Kautilya A Civilisational Connect dalam Manekshaw Paper No.58
Singh, Saurabh. (2018). Digital Diplomacy : India’s Increasing Digital Footprint. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331772911_Digital_Diplomacy_India%27s_Increasing_Digital_Footprint?enrichId=rgreq-22aace8835b3441f679b905a8b32e172-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMzMTc3MjkxMTtBUzo3NjMwNDkwMDI2NzYyMjhAMTU1ODkzNjQ2Nzg1NQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
Shahi, Deepsikha. (2019). Kautilya and Non-Western IR Theory. Palgrave
Sud, Nikhil. (2021, 28 September). For cybersecurity, India must look to international law. https://www.forbesindia.com/blog/legalese/for-cybersecurity-india-must-look-to-international-law/
Tare, Kiran. (2021, 2 Maret). Chinese Cyber Attack : Why Maharasashtra Should Worry. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/chinese-cyber-attack-why-maharashtra-should-worry-1774905-2021-03-02
The News Minute. (2020, 15 Agustus). Why India Needs National Cybersecurity Strategy. https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-india-needs-national-cybersecurity-strategy-130815
United Nation Institute for Disarmarment Research (UNIDIR). (2021).
Waghree, Prateek dan Shibani Mehta. (2019, 20 Desember). India’s National Cybersecurity Policy Must Acknowledge Modern Realities. https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/indias-national-cybersecurity-policy-must-acknowledge-modern-realities/
Wibowo, Satriyo. (2021, 8 Maret). Serangan Siber ke Infra Kritis India, Akankah Memicu Perang Siber Terbuka?. https://cyberthreat.id/read/10713/Serangan-Siber-ke-Infra-Kritis-India-Akankah-Memicu-Perang-Siber-Terbuka
Bhardwaj, Deeksha (2022, 23 Februari). A year on, cyber security strategy pending with government. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-year-on-cyber-security-strategy-pending-with-government-101645555771206.html .
Chandrasekaran, Pravin. (2006). “Kautilya: Politics, Ethics, and Statecraft”. MPRA Paper No. 9962. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9962/
Data Security Council of India. (2020). “National Cyber Security Strategy 2020” dalam DCSI Submission. https://www.dsci.in/sites/default/files/documents/resource_centre/National%20Cyber%20Security%20Strategy%202020%20DSCI%20submission.pdf
Dharmaraj, Samaya. (2021, 21 September). India to Create National Cyber Security. https://opengovasia.com/india-to-create-national-cyber-security-strategy-2020/ .
Dutta, Aratrika. (2021, 15 Juli). India’s cybersecurity strategy inclusion of Sovereignty. https://www.analyticsinsight.net/indias-cybersecurity-strategy-inclusion-of-sovereignty/
Ebert, Hannes. (2020). Cyber Resilience and Diplomacy in India Cyber Diplomacy and Resilience in India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343306442_Cyber_Resilience_and_Diplomacy_in_India_Cyber_Diplomacy_and_Resilience_in_India?enrichId=rgreq-f708b087884a0ab3f6ad20791389378f-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzM0MzMwNjQ0MjtBUzo5MTg5MzAzNDg2MDEzNDVAMTU5NjEwMTQ3NjQxNQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
Febrian, Ahmad. (2020, 19 Juni). Setelah Adu Kungfu dengan India, China dituding menyerang Australia. https://internasional.kontan.co.id/news/setelah-adu-kungfu-dengan-india-china-dituding-menyerang-australia?page=all
Freepressjournal. (2021). Mumbai : Maharashtra Cyber Cell warns People of Keepng Cyber Security on During Weekends. https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-maharashtra-cyber-cell-warns-people-of-keeping-cyber-security-on-during-weekends
GCSC Issue Brief. (2017). Briefings from the Research Advisory Groups. https://cyberstability.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GCSC-Briefings-from-the-Research-Advisory-Group_New-Delhi-2017.pdf
Gill, Prabhjote. (2021, 9 April). The Chinese Cyber Threat is Real – and India’s Best defence Right Now is to keep it’s outage time limited. https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/the-chinese-cyber-threat-is-real-and-indias-best-defence-right-now-is-to-keep-its-outage-time-limited/articleshow/81981886.cms
Ghosh, Shoumik. (2021, 1 November). Indias National Cybersecurity Awaiting Approval. https://www.bankinfosecurity.in/indias-national-cybersecurity-strategy-awaiting-approval-a-17829
IANS. (2021, 27 Oktober). India in Final Stages of Clearing national Cybersecurity Strategy. https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-in-final-stages-of-clearing-national-cybersecurity-strategy-121102700663_1.html
India Today Tech. (2021, 28 Juni). India a third-tier country in cyber warfare capabilities, report says US more powerful than China. https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/india-a-third-tier-country-in-cyber-warfare-capabilities-report-says-us-more-powerful-than-china-1820261-2021-06-28
IPDFforum. (2021, 11 April). Mumbai Blackout Serves as Cybersecurity alert for region. https://ipdefenseforum.com/2021/04/mumbai-blackout-serves-as-cybersecurity-alert-for-region/
Jadhav, Rajendra. (2018, 14 Agustus). India’s Cosmos Bank Loses $13.5 million in Cyber Attack. https://www.reuters.com/article/cyber-heist-india-idUSL4N1V551G
Kannan, Saikiran. (2021). China Continues to pose cyber security threats to India. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-continues-to-pose-cyber-security-threats-to-india-1856224-2021-09-23
Keelery, Sandhya. (2021, 2 Agustus). Cyber Security in India, - Statistics and Facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/8251/cyber-security-in-india/#dossierKeyfigures
Nugroho, Andi. (2021, 4 Oktober). Hacker China Lancarkan Serangan ke Times of India. https://cyberthreat.id/read/12523/Hacker-China-Lancarkan-Serangan-ke-Times-of-India
Mallick, Maj Gen P K, VSM (Retd). (2021). Chinese Cyber Exploitation in India’s Power Grid – Is There a linkage to Mumbai Power Outage? dalam Strategic Study India, Issue Brief No – 01/2021
Mathur, Anmol. (2022, 9 Maret). Cybersecurity: How is India Faring. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com//industry/services/education/cybersecurity-how-is-india-faring/articleshow/90092428.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Ministry of External Affairs. (2020). 6th India-EU Cyber Dialogue. https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33308/6th_IndiaEU_Cyber_Dialogue
Parmar, Sushma Devi. (n.d). Cybersecurity in India : An Evolving Concern for National Security. https://www.academicapress.com/journal/v1-1/Parmar_Cybersecurity-in-India.pdf
Pratiwi, Ratna Ayu Paramitha. (2008). “Analisis Persepsi Keamanan Nasional India Terhadap Serangan Siber dari Pakistan 2008-2017” dalam Journal of International Relations, Volume 5, Nomor 4, 2019, hal 764-771. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihi/article/view/25045/22297
Press trust of India. (2021, 1 Maret). Cyber Attack, Sabotage behind 2020 mumbai Power Outage.https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/cyber-attack-sabotage-behind-2020-mumbai-power-outage-raut-121030100908_1.html
Relacion, Philip John. (nd). Qualitatie Research Methods : Definition of Qualitative Research. https://www.academia.edu/37017373/Qualitative_Research_Methods_DEFINITION_OF_QUALITATIVE_RESEARCH
Relia, Col. Sanjeev Relia (Retd.). (2021, 4 Agustus). Indias Tryst With A New National Cyber Security Policy Heres What we need. https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indias-tryst-with-a-new-national-cyber-security-policy-heres-what-we-need/2304053/
Sabharwal, Lateeka. (2020, 6 Oktober). 5 Reasons Why India Needs Update Its Cyber Security Strategy. https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/why-india-needs-to-update-its-cyber-security-strategy/ .
Samuel, Cherian. (2014). “India’s International Cybersecurity Strategy” dalam Damien D Cheong, 2014. Cybersecurity : Some Critical Insights and Perspectives. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. p. 24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05892.6?seq=4
Sanger, David E dan Emily Schmall. (2021, 28 Februari). China Appears to Warn India: Push Too Hard and the Lights Could Go Out. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/28/us/politics/china-india-hacking-electricity.html
Sheth, Hemai. (2021, 30 Maret). 52% of Indian organisations suffered a successful cybersecurity attack in the last 12 months. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/52-of-indian-organisations-suffered-a-successful-cybersecurity-attack-in-the-last-12-months-survey/article34195953.ece
Singh, Col Harjeet. (2016). Evolution of Strategic Culture Based on Sun Tzu and Kautilya A Civilisational Connect dalam Manekshaw Paper No.58
Singh, Saurabh. (2018). Digital Diplomacy : India’s Increasing Digital Footprint. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331772911_Digital_Diplomacy_India%27s_Increasing_Digital_Footprint?enrichId=rgreq-22aace8835b3441f679b905a8b32e172-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMzMTc3MjkxMTtBUzo3NjMwNDkwMDI2NzYyMjhAMTU1ODkzNjQ2Nzg1NQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
Shahi, Deepsikha. (2019). Kautilya and Non-Western IR Theory. Palgrave
Sud, Nikhil. (2021, 28 September). For cybersecurity, India must look to international law. https://www.forbesindia.com/blog/legalese/for-cybersecurity-india-must-look-to-international-law/
Tare, Kiran. (2021, 2 Maret). Chinese Cyber Attack : Why Maharasashtra Should Worry. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/chinese-cyber-attack-why-maharashtra-should-worry-1774905-2021-03-02
The News Minute. (2020, 15 Agustus). Why India Needs National Cybersecurity Strategy. https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-india-needs-national-cybersecurity-strategy-130815
United Nation Institute for Disarmarment Research (UNIDIR). (2021).
Waghree, Prateek dan Shibani Mehta. (2019, 20 Desember). India’s National Cybersecurity Policy Must Acknowledge Modern Realities. https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/indias-national-cybersecurity-policy-must-acknowledge-modern-realities/
Wibowo, Satriyo. (2021, 8 Maret). Serangan Siber ke Infra Kritis India, Akankah Memicu Perang Siber Terbuka?. https://cyberthreat.id/read/10713/Serangan-Siber-ke-Infra-Kritis-India-Akankah-Memicu-Perang-Siber-Terbuka
Published
2023-03-11
How to Cite
Rossdiana, R. A., & Fahrisa, T. R. (2023). STRATEGI KEAMANAN SIBER PEMERINTAH INDIA DARI PERSPEKTIF KAUTILYA: SERANGAN SIBER MUMBAI 2020. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 7(1), 140-164. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v7i1.408
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
