FAKTOR NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK YORDANIA DENGAN QATAR: ANALISIS DINAMIKA KEAMANAN KAWASAN DAN IDENTITAS NASIONAL
Keywords:
Yordania, Qatar, Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik, Keamanan Kawasan, Identitas Nasional
Abstract
Yordania sebagai negara yang diapit beberapa negara berkonflik serta tidak memiliki kekayaan sumber daya alam membuat aliansi sangat penting bagi keberlangsungan negara tersebut. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, Yordania seringkali beraliansi dengan aktor-aktor hegemon untuk mendapatkan status pelindung maupun bantuan finansial. Maka dalam cakupan Timur Tengah, Yordania memilih beraliansi dengan negara Arab Saudi beserta koalisinya di kawasan Teluk dalam Gulf Cooperation Council. Aliansi ini dilanjutkan hingga pada krisis diplomatik Qatar tahun 2017, Yordania terpaksa memutuskan hubungan dengan Qatar agar aliansi dengan kerajaan Saudi tidak rusak. Namun pada 2019, Yordania melakukan normalisasi hubungan diplomatik dengan Qatar setelah hubungan mereka renggang dua tahun. Keputusan ini juga datang meskipun Arab Saudi beserta koalisinya belum melakukan normalisasi dengan Qatar sendiri, dan dapat berpotensi membahayakan eksistensi Yordania jika melakukan tindakan tersebut karena bertentangan dengan koalisi Saudi. Maka peneliti berusaha untuk menganalisis fenomena ini menggunakan teori keamanan kawasan, konsep ketidakstabilan kawasan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, serta level analisis identitas nasional. Peneliti kemudian menemukan dua motif yang melatarbelakangi keputusan tersebut saling berkesinambungan, yaitu meningkatnya kebutuhan akan bantuan finansial serta adanya dukungan Qatar terhadap status pelindung Yerusalem milik Yordania.
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References
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Journal
Ades, Alberto dan Hak B. Chua. 1997. “Thy Neighbor’s Curse: Regional Instability and Economic Growth,†dalam Journal of Economic Growth, Vol 2, pp. 279-304.
Alshoubaki, Wa’ed dan Michael Harris. 2018. “The impact of Syrian refugees on Jordan: A framework for analysis,†dalam Journal of International Studies, Vol 11 (2), pp. 154-179.
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Furlow, Rachel dan Salvatore Borgognone. 2018. “Gulf Designs on Jordan’s Foreign Policy†[online]. dalam https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/76854 [diakses 2 Oktober 2019].
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Luck, Taylor. 2016. “Jordan’s Syrian Refugee Economic Gamble†[online]. dalam https://www.mei.edu/publications/jordans-syrian-refugee-economic-gamble [diakses 25 November 2019].
Mediterranean Affairs. 2014. “The role of Amman in the Middle East crisis†[online]. dalam http://mediterraneanaffairs.com/the-role-of-amman-in-the-middle-east-crisis/ [diakses 30 Oktober 2019].
Middle East Eye. 2019. “Qatar pledges $500m to Jordan in economic aid package†[online]. dalam https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/qatar-pledges-500m-jordan-economic-aid-package [diakses 24 November 2019].
Salama, Faith. 2019. “Jordan, facing pressure at home, restores relations with Qatar†[online] dalam https://thearabweekly.com/jordan-facing-pressure-home-restores-relations-qatar [diakses 28 September 2019].
Taha, Kamal. 2015. “Jordan's most important trade route has been cut after the Syria border closure†[online]. dalam https://www.businessinsider.com/afp-key-jordan-trade-route-cut-after-syria-border-closure-2015-4?IR=T [diakses 27 November 2019].
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TRT World. 2019. “Five things to know about the leaked ‘deal of the century’†[online].dalamhttps://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/five-things-to-know-about-the-leaked-deal-of-the-century-26540 [diakses 8 November 2019].
Wintour, Patrick. 2017. “Qatar given 10 days to meet 13 sweeping demands by Saudi Arabia†[online]. dalam https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/23/close-al-jazeera-saudi-arabia-issues-qatar-with-13-demands-to-end-blockade [diakses 1 Oktober 2019].
Ziadat, Anwar. 2017. “News Seeks To Create State of Tension Between Jordan, Saudi Arabia†[online]. dalam https://akeed.jo/en/post/1606/News_Seeks_To_Create_State_of_ Tension_Between_Jordan_Saudi_Arabia [diakses 21November 2019].
Published
2020-05-06
How to Cite
Subchan, N. A. (2020). FAKTOR NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK YORDANIA DENGAN QATAR: ANALISIS DINAMIKA KEAMANAN KAWASAN DAN IDENTITAS NASIONAL. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 4(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v4i1.119
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