Penumbangan Rezim melalui Gerakan Masyarakat Dunia Maya (Media Sosial) di Timur Tengah
Keywords:
social media, revolution, social movement, public space, Middle East
Abstract
Social media has become a new alternative in the field of communication in the circle of people's lives in the Middle East which offers freedom especially in terms of self-expression, something that has been hindered by the censorship of anti-critic dictatorial regimes. Unpredictably, the expression of disappointment expressed by Middle Eastern society towards the government through social media can be a lighter revolution that hit the Middle East countries in 2011. The purpose of this research is to know, explore, and describe some of the links between the revolution, the public sphere, and the movement of society through social media in the Middle East. A revolution in Tunisia in 2011 has been a generator of community movements in overthrowing the muscle rigid regimes in some Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt and Libya.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abdul-ahad, G. (2011). Libya After Ghaddafi: Free Journalist Tracks Down His Jailer. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/30/libya-former-captivemeets-jailer
Umar, A. R. M., Darmawan, A. B., Sufa, F., Ndadari, G. L. (2014). Media Sosial dan Revolusi Politik: Memahami Kembali Fenomena “Arab Spring†dalam Perspektif Ruang Publik Transnasional. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 18(2), pp. 114–129.
Al-Jazeera. (2011). Battle for Libya: The Key Moments. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/libya/2011/10/20111020104244706760.html
Britanica. (2011). Libya Revolt of 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011
Budiardjo, M. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Campante, F. R. & Chor, D. (2012). Why was the Arab World poised for Revolution? Schooling, Economic Opportunities, and the Arab spring. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), pp. 167–188. Retrieved from https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2428&context=soe_research
CNN World. (2011). How a Local Street Vendor Caused a Revolution. Retrieved July 15, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/16/tunisia.fruit.seller.bouazizi/index.html
Wolman, D. (2013). Facebook, Twitter, Youtube Help The Arab Spring Blossom. Retrieved October 4, 2017, from https://www.wired.com/2013/04/arabspring/
Harian Kompas. (2011). Titik Akhir Sang Penguasa Gurun. Harian Kompas.
Irenawati, T. (2014). Utara, Dampak Teori Domino di Negara-Negara Afrika. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 19(1). Retrieved from https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/humaniora/article/view/3522
Komuikasi Praktis. (2014). Pengertian Media Baru dan Jenis-Jenisnya. Retrieved March 6, 2017, from https://www.komunikasipraktis.com/2014/08/pengertian-media-baru-dan-jenis-jenisnya.html
Agastya, M. (2013). Arab Spring: Badai Revolusi Timur Tengah yang Penuh Darah. In IRCiSoD. Yogyakarta.
Mcquail, D. (2012). Teori Komunikasi Massa. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Musaddad, L. (2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Non Seminar: Arab Spring. Retrieved from https://anzdoc.com/jurnal-ilmiah-non-seminar-arab-spring.html
Nasrullah, R. (2014). Teori dan Riset Media Siber (cybermedia). Jakarta: Kencana.
Putra, F. (2006). Gerakan Sosial (Konsep, Strategi, Aktor, Hambatan, dan Tantangan Gerakan Sosial di Indonesia. Malang: Averroes Press.
Radcliffe, D. (2017). How has Social Media Changed in the Middle East since the Arab Spring? Retrieved August 22, 2017, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/academy/entries/af5cd5be-303e-4ab9-bf80-10c8c4f012cd
Sahide, A., Cipto, B., Setiawati, S. M., & Hadi, S. (2015). The Arab Spring: Membaca Kronologi dan Faktornya Penyebabnya. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 4(2), pp. 118–129. https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.2015.0072.118-129
Salem, F., & Mourtada, R. (2011a). Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter. Arab Social Media Report, 1(2), pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01565
Salem, F., & Mourtada, R. (2011b). Facebook usage: Factors and analysis. Dubai: Dubai School of Government, 1(1). Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/dsg/unpan044212.pdf
Shukrallah, A. (n.d.). An overview of the January 25th revolution “For Dignity, Democracy And Social Justice.†Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article2015
Tamburaka, A. (2011). Revolusi Timur Tengah: Kejatuhan Para Penguasa Otoriter di Negara-Negara Timur Tengah. Yogyakarta: Narasi.
Umar, A. R. M., Darmawan, A. B., Sufa, F., Ndadari, G. L. (2014). Media Sosial dan Revolusi Politik: Memahami Kembali Fenomena “Arab Spring†dalam Perspektif Ruang Publik Transnasional. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 18(2), pp. 114–129.
Al-Jazeera. (2011). Battle for Libya: The Key Moments. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/libya/2011/10/20111020104244706760.html
Britanica. (2011). Libya Revolt of 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011
Budiardjo, M. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Campante, F. R. & Chor, D. (2012). Why was the Arab World poised for Revolution? Schooling, Economic Opportunities, and the Arab spring. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), pp. 167–188. Retrieved from https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2428&context=soe_research
CNN World. (2011). How a Local Street Vendor Caused a Revolution. Retrieved July 15, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/16/tunisia.fruit.seller.bouazizi/index.html
Wolman, D. (2013). Facebook, Twitter, Youtube Help The Arab Spring Blossom. Retrieved October 4, 2017, from https://www.wired.com/2013/04/arabspring/
Harian Kompas. (2011). Titik Akhir Sang Penguasa Gurun. Harian Kompas.
Irenawati, T. (2014). Utara, Dampak Teori Domino di Negara-Negara Afrika. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 19(1). Retrieved from https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/humaniora/article/view/3522
Komuikasi Praktis. (2014). Pengertian Media Baru dan Jenis-Jenisnya. Retrieved March 6, 2017, from https://www.komunikasipraktis.com/2014/08/pengertian-media-baru-dan-jenis-jenisnya.html
Agastya, M. (2013). Arab Spring: Badai Revolusi Timur Tengah yang Penuh Darah. In IRCiSoD. Yogyakarta.
Mcquail, D. (2012). Teori Komunikasi Massa. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Musaddad, L. (2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Non Seminar: Arab Spring. Retrieved from https://anzdoc.com/jurnal-ilmiah-non-seminar-arab-spring.html
Nasrullah, R. (2014). Teori dan Riset Media Siber (cybermedia). Jakarta: Kencana.
Putra, F. (2006). Gerakan Sosial (Konsep, Strategi, Aktor, Hambatan, dan Tantangan Gerakan Sosial di Indonesia. Malang: Averroes Press.
Radcliffe, D. (2017). How has Social Media Changed in the Middle East since the Arab Spring? Retrieved August 22, 2017, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/academy/entries/af5cd5be-303e-4ab9-bf80-10c8c4f012cd
Sahide, A., Cipto, B., Setiawati, S. M., & Hadi, S. (2015). The Arab Spring: Membaca Kronologi dan Faktornya Penyebabnya. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 4(2), pp. 118–129. https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.2015.0072.118-129
Salem, F., & Mourtada, R. (2011a). Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter. Arab Social Media Report, 1(2), pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01565
Salem, F., & Mourtada, R. (2011b). Facebook usage: Factors and analysis. Dubai: Dubai School of Government, 1(1). Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/dsg/unpan044212.pdf
Shukrallah, A. (n.d.). An overview of the January 25th revolution “For Dignity, Democracy And Social Justice.†Retrieved July 17, 2017, from http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article2015
Tamburaka, A. (2011). Revolusi Timur Tengah: Kejatuhan Para Penguasa Otoriter di Negara-Negara Timur Tengah. Yogyakarta: Narasi.
Published
2018-12-21
How to Cite
Taufik, T. (2018). Penumbangan Rezim melalui Gerakan Masyarakat Dunia Maya (Media Sosial) di Timur Tengah. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 2(2), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v2i2.55
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2018 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
