Pengaruh Prinsip Konfusianisme terhadap Politik Luar Negeri Tiongkok dalam Menghadapi Gagasan Universalitas HAM Barat
Keywords:
confucianism, China’s foreign policy, western universality of human rights
Abstract
This paper aims to describe the influence of Confucianism in China’s foreign policy concerned in the human rights issue as a counter of Western universality discourse. Since The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was ratified in 1948, all nations have committed to agree in uniformity and implement it into action in the name of human rights based on the universality. The idea of Western universality always demands individual freedom and equality as a basic of human rights. This is different from the view of Confucianism which does not recognize the rights but only the obligations. Instead of individual rights, security of the community and shared prosperity are more important and must be prioritized rather than individual interests. This research uses Hobbes perspective about power relation and governance and shows that culture, ideology, and beliefs system have an important role in determining states’ foreign policies.
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Creel, H.G. (1990). Alam Pikiran Cina sejak Confucius sampai Mao Zedong. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Danardono, D. (1999). Konfusianisme dan Pertarungan Kekuasaan: Perubahan Makna Kata sebagai Strategi Bertahan Hidup." Majalah Filsafat Drikarya, 1, pp. 7-9.
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Ertelt, S. (2014, April 22). China’s One Child Policy Resulting in International Sex Slavery, Selling Woman As Brides. Lifenews. Retrieved Januari 6, 2016 from http://www.lifenews.com
Hamdany, A. (2009). Wacana HAM dan Sektor Keamanan Kontemporer. Almanak Hak Asasi Manusia di Sektor Keamanan Indonesia.
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Hobbes, T. (1981). Leviathan. Harmondsworth: Penguin Classic Publisher.
Hsu, C.Y. (1991). Applying Confucian Ethics to International Relations. Ethics and International Affair, pp. 148-150.
Human Right Watch. (2014). World Report 2014: China and Tibet. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Irib. (2015, Februari 3). Tibet, Dalai Lama dan Konfrontasi Cina dengan Barat. Iran Indonesia Radio. Retrieved Desember 27, 2015 from http://indonesian.irib.ir
Joseph, W. A. (2014). Politics in China: An Introduction. United States of America: Oxford University Press.
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Nickel, W. J. (1996). Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Poverties.org. (2012, Desember). Child Labor in China. Retrieved Januari 6, 2016 from http://www.poverties.org
Republika. (2009, Juli 15). Protes vs Kebisuan Muslim terhadap China. Republika Online. Retrieved Desember 28, 2015 from http://www.republika.co.id
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Scharping, T. (2003). Birth Control in China 1949-2000: Population Policy and Demographic Development. London: Routledge Curzon.
SJ, W. W. (1998, Februari). HAM Sebagai Isu Internasional: Memperhatikan Kasus Cina. Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi, 11, pp. 15-27.
State, U. D. (2001, Desember 7). Trafficking in Person Report 2001. Retrieved Januari 6, 2016, from Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report: http://www.state.gov
Sen, Sun Yat (tt.) San Min Chu: The Three Principles of the People. Diakses pada 9 November 2015, dari http://larouchejapan.com/
Tyler, P. E. (1995, September 6). World: Hillary Clinton,in China, Details Abuse of Women. The New York Times. Retrieved Januari 2, 2016 from http://www.nytimes.com
Ucu, R. K. (2013, Agustus 2). AS Bahas HAM dengan Cina. Retrieved Desember 28, 2015, from Republika Online: http://www.republika.co.id
Published
2018-12-21
How to Cite
Gitaningrum, I. (2018). Pengaruh Prinsip Konfusianisme terhadap Politik Luar Negeri Tiongkok dalam Menghadapi Gagasan Universalitas HAM Barat. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 2(2), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v2i2.60
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2018 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
