TELAAH KONSTRUKTIVIS PARTISIPASI CINA DALAM THE CAMPAIGN TO STOP KILLER ROBOTS
Keywords:
Lethal Autoomous Weapon System(LAWS); Killer Robots; Konstruktivisme; Kebijakan Luar Negeri Cina
Abstract
Studi ini mencoba menjelaskan motivasi Cina atas keterlebitannya dalam the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots meskpiun dalam waktu yang bersamaan terus mengembangkan senjata otonom mematikan. Studi ini mempergunakan konsep Transformasi Militer dari Martin van Creveld untuk mempertegas signifikansi LAWS dan jga teori Interstitial Conception of Politics dari Christian Reus-Smit untuk menganalisis motivasi Cina. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa setiap tindakan politik pasti ditentukan oleh empat elemen yakni: (1) ideografis (2) etis (3) purposif, dan (4) instrumental.Artikel ini menemukan bahwa motivasi utama keterlibatan Cina adalah (1) untuk mempertahankan diskursus “the peaceful rise of China”, dan (2) untuk mengerem Amerika Serikat, kompetitor utama Cina dalam teknologi LAWS.
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References
Jurnal:
Horowitz, M. C. (2019). When speed kills: Lethal autonomous weapon systems, deterrence and stability. Journal of Strategic Studies, 42(6), 764–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2019.1621174
Hu,W. (2019) Xi Jinping’s ‘Major Country Dilpomacy’: The Role of Leadership in Foreign Policy Transformation, Jounral of Contemporary China, Vol. 28, No.115
Lingliang, Z. (2011) The Contemporary Construction of Chinese International Law Discourse, Social Sciences in China, Vol.32, No.4
Parello-Presner & Duchâtel (2015) Transforming Chinese Foreign Policy and Instiutions, Adelphi Series, Vol. 54, No. 451.
Reus-Smit, C. (2004) The Politics of International Law dalam Reus-Smit, C., et al. (2004) The Politics of International Law, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Roff, H. M. (2015). Lethal Autonomous Weapons and Jus Ad Bellum Proportionality. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 47
Weiss, J.C. (2019) How Hawkish is the Chinese Public? Another Look at “Rising Nationalism’ and Chinese Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary China
Xinbo, W. (2001) Four Contradictions Constraining China’s Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 10, No.27.
Yifeng, C.(2017) International Law as Mere Obligations, Peking University Law Journal, Vol. 5, No.2
Zhang, Q.(2014) Towards an Integrated Theory of Chinese Foreign Policy: Bringing Leadership Personality Back In, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 23, No.89
Zhipeng, H. (2017) The Chinese Expression of the InternationalRule of Law, Social Sciences in China, Vol. 38, No. 3.
Buku:
Posen, Barry (1984) The Source of Military Doctrine, Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Reus-Smit, C. (2004) The Politics of International Law dalam Reus-Smit, C., et al. (2004) The Politics of International Law, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Thontowi, J. & Iskandar, P. (2016) Hukum Internasional Kontemporer, Refika Aditama, Bandung
Van Creveld, Martin (1991) Technology and War: From 2000 B.C to the Present, the Free Press, New York.
Laporan:
Cordesman, A (2019) China’s New 2019 Defense White Paper, Center for Strategic and Internastional Studies
Crootof, R. (2014). The Killer Robots Are Here: Legal and Policy Implications,
Lethal Autonomous Weapons Pledge - Future of Life Institute. (n.d.). diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
Özdemir, G. S. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Application in the Military: The Case of United States and China, Seta Analysis.
The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. (2018). Country Views on Killer Robots, diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
The Campaign To Stop Killer Robots. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2019, from
Berita:
Chan, M. K. (n.d.). The U.S. and China Race Over AI and Killer Robots | Time. Diakses pada 17 Desember 2019,
Zhihao, Z. (2019). AI Development Plan Draws Map for Innovation - Chinadaily.com.cn. diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
Terbitan Pemerintah & Organisasi Internasional:
Group of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. (n.d.).
Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (Guo Fa [2017] No. 35) _Government Information Column. (n.d.). diakses pada 17 2019,
Statement by the Chinese Delegation at the First Annual Conference of the parties to Protocol V to the CCW. (2007).
The State Concil Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2019) China’s National Defense in the New Era, Foreign Language Press, Beijing.
The Position Paper submitted by the Chinese Delegation to CCW 5 th Review Conference. (n.d.).
United Nations Office at Geneva. (n.d.). Where global solutions are shaped for you | Disarmament | The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Diakses pada 17 Desember 2019,
Horowitz, M. C. (2019). When speed kills: Lethal autonomous weapon systems, deterrence and stability. Journal of Strategic Studies, 42(6), 764–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2019.1621174
Hu,W. (2019) Xi Jinping’s ‘Major Country Dilpomacy’: The Role of Leadership in Foreign Policy Transformation, Jounral of Contemporary China, Vol. 28, No.115
Lingliang, Z. (2011) The Contemporary Construction of Chinese International Law Discourse, Social Sciences in China, Vol.32, No.4
Parello-Presner & Duchâtel (2015) Transforming Chinese Foreign Policy and Instiutions, Adelphi Series, Vol. 54, No. 451.
Reus-Smit, C. (2004) The Politics of International Law dalam Reus-Smit, C., et al. (2004) The Politics of International Law, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Roff, H. M. (2015). Lethal Autonomous Weapons and Jus Ad Bellum Proportionality. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 47
Weiss, J.C. (2019) How Hawkish is the Chinese Public? Another Look at “Rising Nationalism’ and Chinese Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary China
Xinbo, W. (2001) Four Contradictions Constraining China’s Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 10, No.27.
Yifeng, C.(2017) International Law as Mere Obligations, Peking University Law Journal, Vol. 5, No.2
Zhang, Q.(2014) Towards an Integrated Theory of Chinese Foreign Policy: Bringing Leadership Personality Back In, Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 23, No.89
Zhipeng, H. (2017) The Chinese Expression of the InternationalRule of Law, Social Sciences in China, Vol. 38, No. 3.
Buku:
Posen, Barry (1984) The Source of Military Doctrine, Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Reus-Smit, C. (2004) The Politics of International Law dalam Reus-Smit, C., et al. (2004) The Politics of International Law, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Thontowi, J. & Iskandar, P. (2016) Hukum Internasional Kontemporer, Refika Aditama, Bandung
Van Creveld, Martin (1991) Technology and War: From 2000 B.C to the Present, the Free Press, New York.
Laporan:
Cordesman, A (2019) China’s New 2019 Defense White Paper, Center for Strategic and Internastional Studies
Crootof, R. (2014). The Killer Robots Are Here: Legal and Policy Implications,
Lethal Autonomous Weapons Pledge - Future of Life Institute. (n.d.). diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
Özdemir, G. S. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Application in the Military: The Case of United States and China, Seta Analysis.
The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. (2018). Country Views on Killer Robots, diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
The Campaign To Stop Killer Robots. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2019, from
Berita:
Chan, M. K. (n.d.). The U.S. and China Race Over AI and Killer Robots | Time. Diakses pada 17 Desember 2019,
Zhihao, Z. (2019). AI Development Plan Draws Map for Innovation - Chinadaily.com.cn. diakses pada 11 Desember 2019,
Terbitan Pemerintah & Organisasi Internasional:
Group of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. (n.d.).
Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (Guo Fa [2017] No. 35) _Government Information Column. (n.d.). diakses pada 17 2019,
Statement by the Chinese Delegation at the First Annual Conference of the parties to Protocol V to the CCW. (2007).
The State Concil Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2019) China’s National Defense in the New Era, Foreign Language Press, Beijing.
The Position Paper submitted by the Chinese Delegation to CCW 5 th Review Conference. (n.d.).
United Nations Office at Geneva. (n.d.). Where global solutions are shaped for you | Disarmament | The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Diakses pada 17 Desember 2019,
Published
2020-05-27
How to Cite
Waluyo, B. D., & Ryan Muhammad Fahd. (2020). TELAAH KONSTRUKTIVIS PARTISIPASI CINA DALAM THE CAMPAIGN TO STOP KILLER ROBOTS. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 4(2), 92-113. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v4i2.123
Section
Articles
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