AFFECTING FACTORS OF SISTER CITY COOPERATION BETWEEN DENPASAR GOVERNMENT AND MOSSEL BAY GOVERNMENT IN 2019
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors behind the establishment of sister city cooperation between the Denpasar City Government and the Mossel Bay Government since the end of 2019. The author conducted qualitative research to achieve this aim. Thus, this research is expected to enrich other research tools in matters relating to sister city cooperation or paradiplomacy in Indonesia, especially Denpasar. The main data analyzed in this study were obtained through semi-structured interviews with the Head of the Sub-Section for Foreign Cooperation of the Denpasar City in 2020 at the Secretariat of Denpasar. In addition, other types of data that support this research were obtained from the official local government website, several books, journals, reports, and online news sites which reliable and suitable for the content of the research. The focus of this research is to comply with the concept of paradiplomacy and south-south cooperation in identifying the motives behind this sister city cooperation, especially from the side of the Denpasar City Government. As a result, five motives were found that could encourage the Denpasar City Government to accept the sister city cooperation offered by the Mossel Bay Government in 2019, including the international market, tourism and culture, establishing the identity of international partners, the status of government administration, and most importantly, the bilateral relationship between the Indonesian government and the South African government, which in this regards, is an example of the implementation of the South-South Cooperation (SSC) concept.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjalinnya kerjasama sister city antara Pemerintah Kota Denpasar dengan Pemerintah Teluk Mossel pada akhir tahun 2019. Penulis melakukan penelitian kualitatif untuk mencapai tujuan ini. Sehingga, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya perangkat penelitian lainnya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kerjasama sister city atau paradiplomasi di Indonesia khususnya wilayah Kota Denpasar. Data utama yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara jenis semi terstruktur dengan Kepala Sub Bagian Kerjasama Luar Negeri Kota Denpasar tahun 2020 di Sekretariat Kota Denpasar. Selain itu, jenis data lain yang mendukung penelitian ini diperoleh dari situs resmi pemerintah daerah, beberapa buku, jurnal, laporan, dan situs berita online yang dapat diandalkan dan sesuai dengan isi penelitian. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menggunakan konsep paradiplomasi dan kerjasama selatan-selatan dalam mengidentifikasi motif dibalik kerjasama sister city ini, khususnya dari sisi Pemerintah Kota Denpasar. Sebagai hasilnya, ditemukan lima motif yang dapat mendorong Pemerintah Kota Denpasar untuk menerima kerjasama sister city yang ditawarkan Pemerintah Teluk Mossel pada tahun 2019 antara lain pasar internasional, pariwisata dan budaya, membentuk identitas mitra internasional, status administrasi pemerintahan, dan yang terpenting, hubungan bilateral antara pemerintah Indonesia dengan pemerintah Afrika Selatan yang dalam hal ini merupakan contoh implementasi konsep Kerjasama Selatan-Selatan (KSS).
Downloads
References
Alvarez, M. (2020). The rise of paradiplomacy in international relations. E-International Relations, 1–6. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/03/17/the-rise-of-paradiplomacy-in-international-relations/
Antari, N. P. B. W., & Jannah, L. M. (2016). The role of Denpasar Government in supporting the resources of endek fabric creative industry. Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal, 22(1), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v22i1.5426
Anttiroiko, A.-V. (2014). City Branding as a Response to Global Intercity Competition. Growth and Change, 46(2), 233–252.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. (n.d.). Pertumbuhan PDRB / Ekonomi Kabupaten / Kota di Provinsi Bali (Persen), 2018-2020. https://bali.bps.go.id/indicator/52/111/1/pertumbuhan-pdrb-ekonomi-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-bali.html
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. (2020). Number of Foreign Visitors Arriving Directly by Nationality to Bali, 2014-2019. https://bali.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/02/09/27/banyaknya-wisatawan-mancanegara-ke-bali-menurut-kebangsaan-2014-2019.html
Buitrago, F., & Duque, I. (2013). The Orange Economy: an infinite opportunity. New York: Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).
Caves, R. E. (2000). Creative Industries: Contracts Between Art and Commerce. Harvard University Press.
Davidson, G., & McConville, C. (1991). A Heritage Handbook. Allen & Unwin,1991.
Dewiyanti, N. M., Antara, M., & Pujaastawa, I. (2017). “Denpasar Festival†Mendukung Pariwisata Berbasis Ekonomi Kreatif Kota Denpasar. JUMPA, 3(2), 238–251.
Fleminger, D. (2020). Bartolomeu Dias Museum in Mossel Bay. Southafrica.Co.Za. http://southafrica.co.za/bartolomeu-dias-museum-mossel-bay.html
Graha, I. M. S. (2020). Proses kota Denpasar menuju smart city. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 4(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v4i2.125
Head, T. (2019). Good governance index: 75% of best-performing municipalities are DA-run. The South African. https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/good-governance-index-da-municipalities-mossel-bay/
Howkins, J. (2001). The Creative Economy: How People Makes Money from The Ideas. Penguin Press.
Humas Menpan RB. (2019). Wisata sungai bersama Senyum Melia di Tubin. Kementerian Pemberdayagunaan Aparatur Negara Dan Reformasi Birokrasi. https://www.menpan.go.id/site/berita-terkini/wisata-sungai-bersama-senyum-melia-di-tubin
Ihsanuddin. (2017, March 8). Jokowi Lobi Presiden Afrika Selatan Turunkan Tarif Bea Masuk. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/03/08/21045521/jokowi.lobi.presiden.afrika.selatan.turunkan.tarif.bea.masuk
Inskeep, E. (1991). Tourism planning- an integrated sustainable approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Jatmika, S. (2008). Otonomi daerah perspektif Hubungan Internasional. Bigraf Publisher.
Kementerian Luar Negeri. (2019a). Mayor of Denpasar and Mayor of Mossel Bay signed MoU on Sister City Cooperation. Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia in Cape Town, the Republic of South Africa. https://kemlu.go.id/capetown/en/news/3500/mayor-of-denpasar-and-mayor-of-mossel-bay-signed-mou-on-sister-city-cooperation
Kementerian Luar Negeri. (2019b). Penandatanganan Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) RI-Mozambik. Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/549/berita/penandatanganan-preferential-trade-agreement-pta-ri-mozambik#:~:text=Penandatanganan%2520Preferential%2520Trade%2520Agreement%2520(PTA)%2520RI%252DMozambik,-Wednesday%252C%252028%252FAugust&text=Bagi%2520Pemri
Kuznetsov, A. S. (2014). Theory and practice of paradiplomacy: subnational government in international affairs. Routledge.
Larasasati, C., & Natasya, E. D. (2017). Peran Indonesia di G-20 : Peluang dan Tantangan. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, X(2), 42–54.
Leksono, A., & Santosa, P. B. (2014). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Industri Kreatif di Indonesia (tahun 2002 - 2008). Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 3(1), 1–7.
Main, O. (2020). The local government handbook South Africa. Yes! Media.
McCormick, R. (2010). The Cultural & Heritage Traveler Study. The Cultural & Heritage Traveler Study.
Mokoena, M. (Ed.). (2020). Government Systems. In South Africa Yeark Book 2018/19 (pp. 23–97). https://doi.org/10.1108/s2053-769720200000033002
Mukti, T. A. (2013). Paradiplomasi kerjasama luar negeri oleh pemda di Indonesia. The Phinisi Press Yogyakarta.
Mukti, T. A. (2015). Paradiplomacy : bangkitnya aktor lokal di fora internasional. The Politicss: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Politik Universitas Hasanudin, 1(1), 85–94.
Paquin, S. (2020). Paradiplomacy. In T. Balzacq, F. Charillon, & F. Ramel (Eds.), Global Diplomacy: A Introduction to Theory and Practice (pp. 49–61). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28786-3
PSDI Kementerian Perdagangan. (2019). Neraca Perdagangan Indonesia dengan Rep. Afrika Selatan Periode: 2016-2021. Portal Statistik Perdagangan Oleh Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. https://statistik.kemendag.go.id/balance-of-trade-with-trade-partner-country
South African Government. (n.d.). Which heritage sites are in South Africa? Www.Gov.Za. https://www.gov.za/faq/travel-tourism/which-heritage-sites-are-south-africa#
South African Government News Agency. (2020). History of Mossel Bay. Southafrica.Co.Za. http://southafrica.co.za/history-mossel-bay.html
Suarmana, I. W. R., Ardika, I. W., & Darma Putra, I. N. (2017). Pengembangan pusat Kota Denpasar sebagai ‘heritage tourism.’ Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA), 4(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.24843/jumpa.2017.v04.i02.p05
Suarna, N. (2019). Denpasar raih penghargaan TOP 45 dari inovasi “Senyum Melia di Tubin.†Jawa Post Group: Bali Express. https://baliexpress.jawapos.com/read/2019/10/15/161041/denpasar-raih-penghargaan-top-45-dari-inovasi-senyum-melia-di-tubin
Suastha, R. D. (2017, June 2). Perdagangan Terhambat Tarif Tinggi, Menlu Retno ke Nigeria. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20170602160456-106-218944/perdagangan-terhambat-tarif-tinggi-menlu-retno-ke-nigeria
Sucitawathi, I. G. A. A. G. D., Joniarta, W., & Dewi, Y. (2018). Konsep “ Smart City †Dan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Di Kota Denpasar. Administrasi Publik, 3(1), 9–15.
Suparta, I. K. (2019). Bekraf tetapkan Denpasar sebagai Kota Kreatif Indonesia. ANTARANEWS. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/929364/bekraf-tetapkan-denpasar-sebagai-kota-kreatif-indonesia
Tavares, R. (2016). Paradiplomacy: cities and states as global players. Oxford University Press.
UN-Habitat. (2008). Regional Cities Reports: State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009 – Harmonious Cities. Earthscan. http://ebooks.worldscinet.com/ISBN/9789814280730/9789814280730.html
United Nations. (2009). Nairobi outcome document of the High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation: draft resolution / submitted by the President of the General Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/673444
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2008). Summary Creative Economy Report 2008.
Western Cape Government. (2018). Socio-economic profile: Mossel bay municipality. https://www.westerncape.gov.za/provincial-treasury/files/atoms/files/WC043 Mossel Bay 2018 Socio-economic Profile %28SEP-LG%29.pdf
Yasa, I. G. W. M. (Ed.). (2017). Denpasar Smart Orange Economy Dalam Multi Perspektif. Swasta Nulis.
Yudantini, N. M., Darma, K. A. S., & Wiryawan, W. (2017). Sejarah dan perkembangan kota Denpasar sebagai kota budaya. Seminar Ikatan Penelitian Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia (IPLBI), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.32315/sem.1.b177
Yukti, I. A. G. (2020). Kerjasama Sister City Pemerintah Kota Denpasar dengan Pemerintah Kota Mossel Bay tahun 2019.
Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
