TUNTUTAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KELUARNYA TURKI DARI KONVENSI ISTANBUL
Keywords:
Istanbul Convention, Public Sphere, Community Demands, Turkey, Withdrawal
Abstract
On March 20, 2021, Turkey withdrew from the Istanbul Convention, a human rights treaty against violence against women and domestic violence. The decision was inseparable from the demands of the Turkish people in the public sphere, who intensively lobbied the Turkish government to reject and withdraw from the Istanbul Convention. This article aims to analyze the influence of Turkish public demands on Turkey's decision to leave the Istanbul Convention using Habermas' public sphere theory. The author first describes Turkey's anti-gender discourse and movement. This anti-gender movement is backed by a pro-Islamic and traditional pro-gender ruling government. President Erdogan even expressed his disapproval of the feminist movement and the concept of gender equality. In addition, the author also describes the political background in Turkey's exit from the Istanbul Convention. The writing method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review technique. The result of this research is that the Turkish people use the public sphere to form and disseminate public opinion in the form of demands to reject and withdraw from the Istanbul Convention. The intense lobbying efforts of the Turkish people in the public sphere show that they can influence and mobilize the state to protect family values ​​in Turkey, thus prompting the Turkish government to decide to leave the Istanbul Convention.
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References
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Aksoy, H. A. (2021). What lies behind Turkey’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention? Stiftung Wissenschaft Und Politik (SWP). https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/what-lies-behind-turkeys-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention
Bengisu, I. (2021, May 5). Turkey’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention: A step in the wrong direction. LSE Women, Peace and Security Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/wps/2021/05/05/turkeys-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention-a-step-in-the-wrong-direction/
CEBECI, B. (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi: Kim neden savunuyor, kim neden karşı? https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/istanbul-sozlesmesi-kim-neden-savunuyor-kim-neden-karsi-5949818/
Cerami, C. (2021). Turkey, Europe and Women’s Rights: The Controversial Debate on the Istanbul Convention. Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, V. 3 N. 1 (2021): . https://doi.org/10.13130/2612-6672/15644
Corredor, E. S. (2019). Unpacking “Gender Ideology†and the Global Right’s Antigender Countermovement. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 44(3), 613–638. https://doi.org/10.1086/701171
Directorat of Communication Turkey. (2021). Statement regarding Türkiye’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention. http://wt.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/statement-regarding-turkeys-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention/
DW. (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi neden hedef oluyor? DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/tr/istanbul-s%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi-neden-hedef-oluyor/a-53415793
DW. (2021). Turkey: Thousands protest exit from domestic violence treaty. DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-thousands-protest-exit-from-domestic-violence-treaty/a-57027554
Elmas, T., Overdorf, R., & Aberer, K. (2021). Tactical Reframing of Online Disinformation Campaigns Against The Istanbul Convention. ArXiv:2105.13398 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13398
Eslen-Ziya, H. (2020). Right-wing populism in New Turkey: Leading to all new grounds for troll science in gender theory. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 1–9. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/hts.v76i3.6005
Gall, C. (2021, March 20). Erdogan Pulls Turkey From European Treaty on Domestic Violence. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/20/world/europe/turkey-erdogan-women-violence.html
Genç, K. (2021). Turkey withdraws from treaty on violence against women. The Lancet, 397(10283), 1433–1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00837-0
Gulel, D., & Choukroune, L. (2021). Turkey: Erdoğan’s decision to pull out of Istanbul Convention has put him in opposition to women. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/turkey-erdogans-decision-to-pull-out-of-istanbul-convention-has-put-him-in-opposition-to-women-157753
Gullu, C. (2019). SYRIAN REFUGEE WOMEN AND AND GIRLS IN TURKEY AND THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 18(1), 79–87.
Gunes, A. (2021). Legal Implications of Turkey’s Accessions to the Istanbul Convention by Enacting and Refining Its Laws on Violence Against Women. Women & Criminal Justice, 31(3), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1697792
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT Press.
Kadarsih, R. (2008). DEMOKRASI DALAM RUANG PUBLIK: Sebuah Pemikiran Ulang untuk Media Massa di Indonesia. Jurnal Dakwah, 9(1), 1–12.
Karasu, A. O. (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi’ne kim neden karşı çıkıyor. Www.Haberturk.Com. https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/ayse-ozek-karasu/2754167-istanbul-sozlesmesine-kim-neden-karsi-cikiyor
Kourou, N. S. (2020). RIGHT-WING POPULISM AND ANTI-GENDER MOVEMENTS: THE SAME COIN WITH DIFFERENT FACES. Global Political Trends Center, 68, 1–10.
Kuhar, R., & Paternotte, D. (2017). Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe Mobilizing against Equality. Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd.
Malhotra, A. (2021). Istanbul Convention and International Law. Jindal Global Law School India. https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3816343
Nasrullah, R. (2012). Internet dan Ruang Publik Virtual, Sebuah Refleksi atas Teori Ruang Publik Habermas. Komunikator, 4(01), Article 01. https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/188
Ozkazanc, A. (2019, May 20). The new episode of anti-gender politics in Turkey. Engenderings. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2019/05/20/new-episode-anti-gender-turkey/
Sari, D. K., & Siahainenia, R. R. (2015). Gerakan Sosial Baru di Ruang Publik Virtual pada Kasus Satinah. Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI, 12(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v12i1.446
Satıl, C. (2021). İstanbul Sözleşmesi Neden Tartışılıyor? https://www.dogrulukpayi.com/bulten/istanbul-sozlesmesi-neden-tartisiliyor
Strasbourg. (2021). Council of Europe leaders react to Turkey’s announced withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention. https://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/-/council-of-europe-leaders-react-to-turkey-s-announced-withdrawal-from-the-istanbul-convention
Temur, C. (2020). Hukukçu Kocaağa: “İstanbul Sözleşmesi aile ve toplum ahlakına ciddi zararlar veriyor†[Text]. İLKHA; İLKHA. https://ilkha.com/guncel/hukukcu-kocaaga-istanbul-sozlesmesi-aile-ve-toplum-ahlakina-ciddi-zararlar-veriyor-131284
The Advocates Human Rights. (2021). TURKEY WITHDRAWAL FROM ISTANBUL CONVENTION: A STEP BACKWARD FOR WOMEN’S HUMAN RIGHTS (pp. 1–49). The Advocates Human Rights.
The Independent Turkey. (2019a, July 9). Sosyal medyadaki KADEM tartışması büyüyor: Aile yapısına ters mi, değil mi? Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/49646/haber/sosyal-medyadaki-kadem-tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1-b%C3%BCy%C3%BCyor-aile-yap%C4%B1s%C4%B1na-ters-mi-de%C4%9Fil-mi
The Independent Turkey. (2019b, July 10). İstanbul Sözleşmesi: Kim neden destekliyor, kim neden karşı çıkıyor? Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/50036/haber/istanbul-s%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi-kim-neden-destekliyor-kim-neden-kar%C5%9F%C4%B1-%C3%A7%C4%B1k%C4%B1yor
We Will Stop Femicide Platform. (2020). WE WILL STOP FEMICIDE PLATFORM: WE ARE LEARNING, EXPLAINING AND EXTENDING THE STRUGGLE. http://www.kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/for-english
Williams, J. (2017). Turkey bans teaching of evolution – but science is more than a belief system. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/turkey-bans-teaching-of-evolution-but-science-is-more-than-a-belief-system-80123
Yalcinalp, E. (2021). Turkey Erdogan: Women rise up over withdrawal from Istanbul Convention. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56516462
Zacharenko, E. (2020). Anti-gender mobilisations in Europe. The Greens/EFA in the European Parliament.
Zakirah, D. M. almas. (2020). Pengaruh Hoax di Media Sosial Terhadap Preferensi Sosial Politik Remaja di Surabaya. Jurnal Mediakita, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30762/mediakita.v4i1.2446
Published
2022-02-17
How to Cite
Resdifianti, F., Nurkhasanah, D. S., & Dewi, R. K. (2022). TUNTUTAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KELUARNYA TURKI DARI KONVENSI ISTANBUL. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 133-154. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i1.302
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
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