FROM INDO-PACIFIC CENTRALITY TO STRATEGIC AUTONOMY: ASEAN – US PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
QUAD, ASEAN, Minilateral, Strategic Autonomy, Indo-Pacific
Abstract
Indo-Pacific is indeed a versatile region with vast geoeconomic and geopolitical advantages and potentials, with ASEAN at its center. Strategic engagement of countries whether to bandwagon or balance major power’s rivalries are pretty much a pertinent deliberation for the last and next decades to come as the global shifting is now moving towards the Indo-Pacific region. This paper employs qualitative analysis to answer the main contentions of: (1) how minilateralism affects Indo-Pacific, and what ASEAN-US role can be explored; and (2) does ASEAN-US matter and how it could actively find convergences in navigating forward in the rules-based region. The author suggests that looking west and being concerned the east or the other way around can be a sufficient strategy in constructing ASEAN-US engagement amid the rising minilateral groupings and concerns against the “crippled†ASEAN centrality since AUKUS and the recent developments in the region.
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References
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Davidson, J. (2014). The U.S. “Pivot to Asia.†American Journal of Chinese Studies, 21, 77–82. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/44289339
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Hartono, A. C. (2021). The Impact of Geopolitical Influence on Regional Cooperation and Integration in East Asia. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 20578911211037780. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911211037780
HORN, R. C. (1984). U.S.-ASEAN Relations in the 1980s. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 6(2), 119–134. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25797801
Howorth, J. (2018). Strategic autonomy and EU-NATO cooperation: threat or opportunity for transatlantic defence relations? Journal of European Integration, 40(5), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1512268
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Kliem, F. (2020). Why Quasi-Alliances Will Persist in the Indo-Pacific? The Fall and Rise of the Quad. Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, 7(3), 271–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347797020962620
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Li, J. (2017). Developing China’s Indian Ocean Strategy: Rationale and Prospects. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 03(04), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740017500270
Mahan, A. T. (2019). Mahan on naval warfare; selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. Mahan. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing.
Mishra, R. (2017). Code of Conduct in the South China Sea: More Discord than Accord. Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India, 13(2), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2017.1412098
MUBAH, A. S. (2019). Indonesia’s Double Hedging Strategy toward the United States–China Competition: Shaping Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific? Issues & Studies, 55(04), 1940007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013251119400071
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Muni, S. (2013). Conflicts in Southeast Asia: Causes, Consequences, Prospects (No. 170). Singapore.
Nag, R. M. (2015). The Asian Century: Plausible but not Preordained. Emerging Economy Studies, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901514562311
Nye, J. S. (2020). No, the Coronavirus Will Not Change the Global Order. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from Foreign Policy website: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/16/coronavirus-pandemic-china-united-states-power-competition/
Paik, W., & Park, J. J. (2021). The Quad’s Search for Non-Military Roles and China’s Strategic Response: Minilateralism, Infrastructure Investment, and Regional Balancing. Journal of Contemporary China, 30(127), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2020.1766908
Panda, J. (2014). China’s Tryst with the IORA: Factoring India and the Indian Ocean. Strategic Analysis, 38, 668–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2014.941215
Pennisi di Floristella, A. (2019). United States and European Union Evolving Approaches in Southeast Asia: Moving Closer to Convergence or Divergence? Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 38(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419866533
Qodarsasi, U., & Rachmawati, T. (2018). Upaya Cina menjadi Kekuatan Maritim dalam Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). Nation State Journal of International Studies, 1, 142–158. https://doi.org/10.24076/NSJIS.2018v1i2.132
Regilme, S. S. F. (2018). Beyond Paradigms: Understanding the South China Sea Dispute Using Analytic Eclecticism. International Studies, 55(3), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881718794527
Rodd, A. (2020). The Pacific in the 'Asian century’. Outre-Terre, N°58-59(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3917/oute2.058.0010
Seah, D. (2012). The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia: The Issue of Non-Intervention and its Accession by Australia and the USA. Chinese Journal of International Law, 11(4), 785–822. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jms057
Simandjuntak, D. S. (1997). ASEAN Relations with the United States: Developments in the 1980s. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-10262-4_14
Talbott, S. (1994). ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference. US Department of State Dispatch, 5(32). Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dsptch12&div=62&id=&page=
Tallis, B. (2021). “Strategic autonomy†is more dangerous for Europe than AUKUS. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from The Interpreter website: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/strategic-autonomy-more-dangerous-europe-aukus
Tow, W. T. (2019). Minilateral security’s relevance to US strategy in the Indo-Pacific: challenges and prospects. The Pacific Review, 32(2), 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2018.1465457
Tuan, H. A. (2016). A Vietnamese Perspective on the South China Sea Dispute. In C.-Y. Lin & I. Storey (Eds.), The South China Sea Dispute: Navigating Diplomatic and Strategic Tensions (pp. 186–204). ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. https://doi.org/DOI: undefined
US Department of State. (n.d.). U.S. Support to ASEAN in Fighting COVID-19. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from Fact Sheet website: https://www.state.gov/u-s-support-to-asean-in-fighting-covid-19/
US Mission to ASEAN. (n.d.). History of the U.S. and ASEAN relations. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://asean.usmission.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/usasean/
Wibisono, A. A. (2017). ASEAN-China Non-Traditional Security Cooperation and the Inescapability of the Politics of Security. Jurnal Global Strategis, 11(1), 39–54.
Yang, Y. E., Keller, J. W., & Molnar, J. (2018). An Operational Code Analysis of China’s National Defense White Papers: 1998-2015. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 23(4), 585–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-017-9524-5
Zhou, F. (2016). Between assertiveness and self-restraint: understanding China’s South China Sea policy. International Affairs, 92, 869–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12657
Anwar, S. (2015). Indo-Pacific Security Concept: Format and Constraints. Jurnal Pertahanan, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v1i1.50
Basu, T. (2020). Sino-US Disorder: Power and Policy in Post-COVID Indo-Pacific. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 2(2), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940448
BUSZYNSKI, L., & SAZLAN, I. (2007). Maritime Claims and Energy Cooperation in the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(1), 143–171. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25798818
Crook, J. R. (2009). United States Accedes to ASEAN Amity Treaty as Sole Executive Agreement. American Journal of International Law, 103(4), 741–743. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000159895
Davidson, J. (2014). The U.S. “Pivot to Asia.†American Journal of Chinese Studies, 21, 77–82. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/44289339
Deng, Y. (1998). The Asianization of East Asian security and the United States’ role. East Asia, 16(3), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-998-0004-6
Denisov, I., Paramonov, O., Arapova, E., & Safranchuk, I. (2021). Russia, China, and the concept of Indo-Pacific. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 12(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1879366521999899
Ford, L. (2018). Does ASEAN Matter? Retrieved December 11, 2021, from Asia Society Policy Institute website: https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/does-asean-matter
Hartono, A. C. (2021). The Impact of Geopolitical Influence on Regional Cooperation and Integration in East Asia. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 20578911211037780. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911211037780
HORN, R. C. (1984). U.S.-ASEAN Relations in the 1980s. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 6(2), 119–134. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25797801
Howorth, J. (2018). Strategic autonomy and EU-NATO cooperation: threat or opportunity for transatlantic defence relations? Journal of European Integration, 40(5), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1512268
Huang, X. (2018). The Emerging Security Landscape in the Asia-Pacific: Where ASEAN Fits Between the United States and China. In International Security in the Asia-Pacific: Transcending ASEAN towards Transitional Polycentrism (pp. 129–148). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60762-7_6
Jose, H. S. (2021). Preservation of the ASEAN Regionalism: Responding to the Belt Road Initiative as the New ‘Carrot or Stick’ Policies. HAPSc Policy Briefs Series, 2(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.27670
Jose, H. S., & Fathun, L. (2021). DIPLOMASI MARITIM INDONESIA DI IORA PADA KASUS ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, DAN UNREGULATED FISHING. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 6(02 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v6i2.624
Kelton, M., & Willis, D. (2019). US-Australia-Indonesia Trilateral Security? Conditions for Cooperation. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 73(3), 289–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2019.1570485
Kliem, F. (2020). Why Quasi-Alliances Will Persist in the Indo-Pacific? The Fall and Rise of the Quad. Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, 7(3), 271–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347797020962620
Koh, C. S. L. (2011). ASEAN’s View on the U.S. Military Role in the Region. ISEAS Publishing. https://doi.org/doi:10.1355/9789814311762-012
Kuo, M. A. (2018). The Geopolitics of Oil and Gas in the South China Sea. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from The Diplomat website: https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/the-geopolitics-of-oil-and-gas-in-the-south-china-sea/
Li, J. (2017). Developing China’s Indian Ocean Strategy: Rationale and Prospects. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 03(04), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740017500270
Mahan, A. T. (2019). Mahan on naval warfare; selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. Mahan. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing.
Mishra, R. (2017). Code of Conduct in the South China Sea: More Discord than Accord. Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India, 13(2), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2017.1412098
MUBAH, A. S. (2019). Indonesia’s Double Hedging Strategy toward the United States–China Competition: Shaping Regional Order in the Indo-Pacific? Issues & Studies, 55(04), 1940007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013251119400071
Mulyaman, D., & Wibowo, W. S. (2021). SOUTH KOREA IN THE DYNAMICS OF INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY: HERMIT KINGDOM 4.0 [KOREA SELATAN PADA DINAMIKA STRATEGI INDO-PASIFIK: KERAJAAN HERMIT 4.0]. Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal); Vol 13, No 25 (2021): January - JuneDO - 10.19166/Verity.V13i25.4465 . Retrieved from https://ojs.uph.edu/index.php/JHIV/article/view/4465
Muni, S. (2013). Conflicts in Southeast Asia: Causes, Consequences, Prospects (No. 170). Singapore.
Nag, R. M. (2015). The Asian Century: Plausible but not Preordained. Emerging Economy Studies, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901514562311
Nye, J. S. (2020). No, the Coronavirus Will Not Change the Global Order. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from Foreign Policy website: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/16/coronavirus-pandemic-china-united-states-power-competition/
Paik, W., & Park, J. J. (2021). The Quad’s Search for Non-Military Roles and China’s Strategic Response: Minilateralism, Infrastructure Investment, and Regional Balancing. Journal of Contemporary China, 30(127), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2020.1766908
Panda, J. (2014). China’s Tryst with the IORA: Factoring India and the Indian Ocean. Strategic Analysis, 38, 668–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2014.941215
Pennisi di Floristella, A. (2019). United States and European Union Evolving Approaches in Southeast Asia: Moving Closer to Convergence or Divergence? Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 38(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419866533
Qodarsasi, U., & Rachmawati, T. (2018). Upaya Cina menjadi Kekuatan Maritim dalam Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). Nation State Journal of International Studies, 1, 142–158. https://doi.org/10.24076/NSJIS.2018v1i2.132
Regilme, S. S. F. (2018). Beyond Paradigms: Understanding the South China Sea Dispute Using Analytic Eclecticism. International Studies, 55(3), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881718794527
Rodd, A. (2020). The Pacific in the 'Asian century’. Outre-Terre, N°58-59(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3917/oute2.058.0010
Seah, D. (2012). The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia: The Issue of Non-Intervention and its Accession by Australia and the USA. Chinese Journal of International Law, 11(4), 785–822. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jms057
Simandjuntak, D. S. (1997). ASEAN Relations with the United States: Developments in the 1980s. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-10262-4_14
Talbott, S. (1994). ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference. US Department of State Dispatch, 5(32). Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dsptch12&div=62&id=&page=
Tallis, B. (2021). “Strategic autonomy†is more dangerous for Europe than AUKUS. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from The Interpreter website: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/strategic-autonomy-more-dangerous-europe-aukus
Tow, W. T. (2019). Minilateral security’s relevance to US strategy in the Indo-Pacific: challenges and prospects. The Pacific Review, 32(2), 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2018.1465457
Tuan, H. A. (2016). A Vietnamese Perspective on the South China Sea Dispute. In C.-Y. Lin & I. Storey (Eds.), The South China Sea Dispute: Navigating Diplomatic and Strategic Tensions (pp. 186–204). ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. https://doi.org/DOI: undefined
US Department of State. (n.d.). U.S. Support to ASEAN in Fighting COVID-19. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from Fact Sheet website: https://www.state.gov/u-s-support-to-asean-in-fighting-covid-19/
US Mission to ASEAN. (n.d.). History of the U.S. and ASEAN relations. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https://asean.usmission.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/usasean/
Wibisono, A. A. (2017). ASEAN-China Non-Traditional Security Cooperation and the Inescapability of the Politics of Security. Jurnal Global Strategis, 11(1), 39–54.
Yang, Y. E., Keller, J. W., & Molnar, J. (2018). An Operational Code Analysis of China’s National Defense White Papers: 1998-2015. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 23(4), 585–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-017-9524-5
Zhou, F. (2016). Between assertiveness and self-restraint: understanding China’s South China Sea policy. International Affairs, 92, 869–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12657
Published
2022-02-28
How to Cite
Hino Samuel Jose. (2022). FROM INDO-PACIFIC CENTRALITY TO STRATEGIC AUTONOMY: ASEAN – US PERSPECTIVE. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 205-228. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i1.311
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