PERANG AFGANISTAN ANTARA AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN TALIBAN TAHUN 2021: ANALISIS TRINITAS PERANG CLAUSEWITZ
Keywords:
Afganistan, United States of America, terrorism, trinity of war, political objective
Abstract
This article analyzes the Afghanistan war between the United States and the Taliban in 2021 through the Clausewitz war trinity in terms of the success or failure of the war. Analysis used a qualitative-explanative approach and literature study methods in collecting data, and using the Trinity of War theory as an analytical tool. The results of the study show that the trinity of war aspect, which consists of the people, the military and the government, has a major influence on the outcome of the US war in Afghanistan. The US decision to withdraw all its troops and allies in the Afghanistan war is considered a form of failure in this war. Nevertheless, this article does not deny that these conditions do not describe the failure to achieve the US political goals themselves, namely the assassination of the leader of the international terrorist organization (al-Qaida) Osama bin Laden as the main objective of the war
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Agustin, D., & Firmansyah, T. (2021, Juli 9). Biden Umumkan Penarikan Pasukan AS di Afghanistan Dipercepat. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Republika: https://republika.co.id/berita/qvyazv377/biden-umumkan-penarikan-pasukan-as-di-afghanistan-dipercepat
Al-Jazeera. (2021, September 30). US general says Afghanistan collapse rooted in Trump-Taliban deal. Dipetik Juli 17, 2022, dari Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/30/us-generals-say-afghanistan-collapse-rooted-in-trump-taliban-deal
BBCNews. (2021, Agustus 16). Siapakah Taliban? Sejarah kelompok yang kini menguasai kembali Afghanistan. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-58200920
Biden, J. (2021, Agustus 31). Remarks by President Biden on the End of the War in Afghanistan. Dipetik April 24, 2022, dari WH.GOV: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/08/31/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-end-of-the-war-in-afghanistan/
Brinkley, J. (2013). MONEY PIT: The Monstrous Failure of US Aid to Afghanistan. World Affairs, Vol. 175, N. 5, 13-23.
Brown, V. F. (2017). President Trump's Afghanistan Policy: Hopes And Pitfalls. Washington: Foreign Policy at Brookings.
Carthy, N. (2019, September 12). The Annual Cost Of The War In Afghanistan Since 2001. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Forbes.com: https://www-forbes-com/sites/niallmccarthy/2019/09/12/the-annual-cost-of-the-war-in-afghanistan-since-2001-infographic/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Craven, J. (2021, Agustus 19). Veterans Wanted to End the Afghanistan War Years Ago. No One Listened. Dipetik April 28, 2022, dari The Soapbox: https://newrepublic.com/article/163316/veterans-opposed-afghanistan-war-no-one-listened
Danish, J. (2016, Nonember 3). Afghanistan's corruption epidemic is wasting billions in aid. Dipetik Juni 28, 2022, dari The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/nov/03/afghanistans-corruption-epidemic-is-wasting-billions-in-aid
Dobrot, L. A. (2007). The Global War On Terrorism: A Relegious War? the Strategic Studies Institute.
Gady, F.-S. (2016, September 8). US Army to Deploy 1,400 Airborne Troops to Afghanistan. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari The Diplomat: https://thediplomat-com./2016/09/us-army-to-deploy-1400-airborne-troops-to-afghanistan/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Gollob, S., & O'Hanlon, M. E. (2020). Afghanistan Index. Foreign Policy at Brookings.
Gray, C. S. (2007). Carl von Clausewitz and the theory of war. Dalam C. S. Gray, War, Peace and International Relations: An Introduction to Strategic History (hal. 15-30). New York: Routledge.
Gunadha, R. (2021, Agustus 17). Berapa Uang dan Nyawa Warga Amerika Cs yang Tersia-sia di Afganistan? Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Suara.com: https://www.suara.com/news/2021/08/17/204226/berapa-uang-dan-nyawa-warga-amerika-cs-yang-tersia-sia-di-afganistan
Hardiayanti, S. (2017). Kebijakan Militer Pemerintah Amerika Serikat Dalam Memerangi Kelompok Taliban di Afghanistan Pada Kepemimpinan Barack Obama Periode 2009-2012. . Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1-39.
Helman, C., & Tucker, H. (2021, Agustus 16). The War In Afghanistan Cost America $300 Million Per Day For 20 Years, With Big Bills Yet To Come. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/hanktucker/2021/08/16/the-war-in-afghanistan-cost-america-300-million-per-day-for-20-years-with-big-bills-yet-to-come/?sh=4f9d74ad7f8d
Hoelhi, M. (2007). Di Ambang Kehancuran Amerika. Jakarta: Grafindo Khazanah Ilmu.
Knickmeyer, E. (2021, Agustus 17). Costs of the Afghanistan war, in lives and dollars. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Apnews.com: https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-business-afghanistan-43d8f53b35e80ec18c130cd683e1a38f
Kompas. (2008, April 18). 300 Ribu Tentara AS Sakit Jiwa. Dipetik April 30, 2022, dari Kompas.com: https://regional.kompas.com/read/2008/04/18/04475913/300.ribu.tentara.as.sakit.jiwa
Liptak, K., Herb, J., Starr, B., & Atwood, K. (2021, April 13). Biden to announce withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan by September 11. Dipetik Juli 19, 2022, dari CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/politics/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal/index.html
Miller, P. D. (2016, Februari 15). Obama’s Failed Legacy in Afghanistan. Dipetik Juli 117, 2022, dari The American Interest: https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/02/15/obamas-failed-legacy-in-afghanistan/
Oguz, Y. S. (2017, Agustus 13). Half US military aid to Afghanistan stolen, expert says. Dipetik Juli 28, 2022, dari World Asia Pacific: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/half-us-military-aid-to-afghanistan-stolen-expert-says/883724#
Papaj, C. J. (2008). Clausewitz 21st Century Warfare. Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College.
Phillips, A. (2021, Agustus 19). When and how Americans started souring on the war in Afghanistan. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/18/when-how-americans-started-souring-war-afghanistan/
Saifullah, M. (2017, Januari 19). Obama leaves behind a mess in Afghanistan. Dipetik Juli 17, 2022, dari DW.com: https://www.dw.com/en/obama-leaves-behind-a-mess-in-afghanistan/a-37192534
Shortridge, A. (2021, Oktober 7). The U.S. War in Afghanistan Twenty Years On: Public Opinion Then and Now. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Council on Foreign Relations: https://www-cfr-org.translate.goog/blog/us-war-afghanistan-twenty-years-public-opinion-then-and-now?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Sinuhaji, J. (2021, Agustus 26). Taliban Klaim Tidak Ada Bukti Osama bin Laden Dalang Serangan 11 September 2001 atau Dikenal 9-11. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Pikiran Rakyat: https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/internasional/pr-012473143/taliban-klaim-tidak-ada-bukti-osama-bin-laden-dalang-serangan-11-september-2001-atau-dikenal-9-11
Suwari, N. W., Sushanti, S., & Parameswari, A. A. (2021). Rasionalitas Amerika Serikat dalam Perjanjian Damai dengan Taliban Pasca Konflik Di Afganistan. Diskusi Ilmiah Komunitas Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1-15.
Tempo.co. (2010, Mei 19). Taliban Serang Pangkalan Udara Bagram, Tujuh Tewas . Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Dunia Tempo: https://dunia.tempo.co/read/248908/taliban-serang-pangkalan-udara-bagram-tujuh-tewas/full&view=ok
Wijaya, P. (2021, Agustus 16). Begini Awal Mula Terjadinya Perang Afghanistan. Dipetik April 2, 2022, dari Merdeka.Com: https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/begini-awal-mula-terjadinya-perang-afghanistan.html
Al-Jazeera. (2021, September 30). US general says Afghanistan collapse rooted in Trump-Taliban deal. Dipetik Juli 17, 2022, dari Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/30/us-generals-say-afghanistan-collapse-rooted-in-trump-taliban-deal
BBCNews. (2021, Agustus 16). Siapakah Taliban? Sejarah kelompok yang kini menguasai kembali Afghanistan. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-58200920
Biden, J. (2021, Agustus 31). Remarks by President Biden on the End of the War in Afghanistan. Dipetik April 24, 2022, dari WH.GOV: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/08/31/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-end-of-the-war-in-afghanistan/
Brinkley, J. (2013). MONEY PIT: The Monstrous Failure of US Aid to Afghanistan. World Affairs, Vol. 175, N. 5, 13-23.
Brown, V. F. (2017). President Trump's Afghanistan Policy: Hopes And Pitfalls. Washington: Foreign Policy at Brookings.
Carthy, N. (2019, September 12). The Annual Cost Of The War In Afghanistan Since 2001. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Forbes.com: https://www-forbes-com/sites/niallmccarthy/2019/09/12/the-annual-cost-of-the-war-in-afghanistan-since-2001-infographic/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Craven, J. (2021, Agustus 19). Veterans Wanted to End the Afghanistan War Years Ago. No One Listened. Dipetik April 28, 2022, dari The Soapbox: https://newrepublic.com/article/163316/veterans-opposed-afghanistan-war-no-one-listened
Danish, J. (2016, Nonember 3). Afghanistan's corruption epidemic is wasting billions in aid. Dipetik Juni 28, 2022, dari The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/nov/03/afghanistans-corruption-epidemic-is-wasting-billions-in-aid
Dobrot, L. A. (2007). The Global War On Terrorism: A Relegious War? the Strategic Studies Institute.
Gady, F.-S. (2016, September 8). US Army to Deploy 1,400 Airborne Troops to Afghanistan. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari The Diplomat: https://thediplomat-com./2016/09/us-army-to-deploy-1400-airborne-troops-to-afghanistan/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Gollob, S., & O'Hanlon, M. E. (2020). Afghanistan Index. Foreign Policy at Brookings.
Gray, C. S. (2007). Carl von Clausewitz and the theory of war. Dalam C. S. Gray, War, Peace and International Relations: An Introduction to Strategic History (hal. 15-30). New York: Routledge.
Gunadha, R. (2021, Agustus 17). Berapa Uang dan Nyawa Warga Amerika Cs yang Tersia-sia di Afganistan? Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Suara.com: https://www.suara.com/news/2021/08/17/204226/berapa-uang-dan-nyawa-warga-amerika-cs-yang-tersia-sia-di-afganistan
Hardiayanti, S. (2017). Kebijakan Militer Pemerintah Amerika Serikat Dalam Memerangi Kelompok Taliban di Afghanistan Pada Kepemimpinan Barack Obama Periode 2009-2012. . Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1-39.
Helman, C., & Tucker, H. (2021, Agustus 16). The War In Afghanistan Cost America $300 Million Per Day For 20 Years, With Big Bills Yet To Come. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/hanktucker/2021/08/16/the-war-in-afghanistan-cost-america-300-million-per-day-for-20-years-with-big-bills-yet-to-come/?sh=4f9d74ad7f8d
Hoelhi, M. (2007). Di Ambang Kehancuran Amerika. Jakarta: Grafindo Khazanah Ilmu.
Knickmeyer, E. (2021, Agustus 17). Costs of the Afghanistan war, in lives and dollars. Dipetik April 4, 2022, dari Apnews.com: https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-business-afghanistan-43d8f53b35e80ec18c130cd683e1a38f
Kompas. (2008, April 18). 300 Ribu Tentara AS Sakit Jiwa. Dipetik April 30, 2022, dari Kompas.com: https://regional.kompas.com/read/2008/04/18/04475913/300.ribu.tentara.as.sakit.jiwa
Liptak, K., Herb, J., Starr, B., & Atwood, K. (2021, April 13). Biden to announce withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan by September 11. Dipetik Juli 19, 2022, dari CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/politics/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal/index.html
Miller, P. D. (2016, Februari 15). Obama’s Failed Legacy in Afghanistan. Dipetik Juli 117, 2022, dari The American Interest: https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/02/15/obamas-failed-legacy-in-afghanistan/
Oguz, Y. S. (2017, Agustus 13). Half US military aid to Afghanistan stolen, expert says. Dipetik Juli 28, 2022, dari World Asia Pacific: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/half-us-military-aid-to-afghanistan-stolen-expert-says/883724#
Papaj, C. J. (2008). Clausewitz 21st Century Warfare. Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College.
Phillips, A. (2021, Agustus 19). When and how Americans started souring on the war in Afghanistan. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/18/when-how-americans-started-souring-war-afghanistan/
Saifullah, M. (2017, Januari 19). Obama leaves behind a mess in Afghanistan. Dipetik Juli 17, 2022, dari DW.com: https://www.dw.com/en/obama-leaves-behind-a-mess-in-afghanistan/a-37192534
Shortridge, A. (2021, Oktober 7). The U.S. War in Afghanistan Twenty Years On: Public Opinion Then and Now. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Council on Foreign Relations: https://www-cfr-org.translate.goog/blog/us-war-afghanistan-twenty-years-public-opinion-then-and-now?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=op,sc
Sinuhaji, J. (2021, Agustus 26). Taliban Klaim Tidak Ada Bukti Osama bin Laden Dalang Serangan 11 September 2001 atau Dikenal 9-11. Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Pikiran Rakyat: https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/internasional/pr-012473143/taliban-klaim-tidak-ada-bukti-osama-bin-laden-dalang-serangan-11-september-2001-atau-dikenal-9-11
Suwari, N. W., Sushanti, S., & Parameswari, A. A. (2021). Rasionalitas Amerika Serikat dalam Perjanjian Damai dengan Taliban Pasca Konflik Di Afganistan. Diskusi Ilmiah Komunitas Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1-15.
Tempo.co. (2010, Mei 19). Taliban Serang Pangkalan Udara Bagram, Tujuh Tewas . Dipetik April 3, 2022, dari Dunia Tempo: https://dunia.tempo.co/read/248908/taliban-serang-pangkalan-udara-bagram-tujuh-tewas/full&view=ok
Wijaya, P. (2021, Agustus 16). Begini Awal Mula Terjadinya Perang Afghanistan. Dipetik April 2, 2022, dari Merdeka.Com: https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/begini-awal-mula-terjadinya-perang-afghanistan.html
Published
2023-08-03
How to Cite
Muhammad Izzu Saukani. (2023). PERANG AFGANISTAN ANTARA AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN TALIBAN TAHUN 2021: ANALISIS TRINITAS PERANG CLAUSEWITZ. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 7(2), 241-270. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v7i2.450
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
