KENDALA AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MEREGULASI PERUSAHAAN MEDIA SOSIAL META PLATFORMS
Keywords:
Facebook, Meta, regulations, social media, United States
Abstract
This research aims to analyze and understand what the obstacles for the United States are in regulating Meta Platforms (previously Facebook, inc.) which is the parent company of social media such as Facebook and Instagram. However, the various scandals that befell them further reduced US confidence regarding Meta's ability to carry out self-regulation. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through literature study and refers to two important elements of effective regulation proposed by Sheetal Radia. It was found that from the two senate sessions held, US senators, who on average became adults in an era without social media, still have a poor understanding of Meta's business model and how social media works. Also, the Federal Trade Commission, which is the main agency in dealing with data and privacy issues in the US, still has various limitations that make them less effective in reining Meta
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References
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McCombie, S., Uhlmann, A. J., & Morrison, S. (2020). The US 2016 presidential election & Russia’s troll farms. Intelligence and National Security, 35(1), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1673940
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Rehman, I. (2019). Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data harvesting: What you need to know. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1–13.
Schafer, J. (2020). The Influence of Information Power Upon the Great Game in Cyberspace: U.S. Wins Over Russian Meddling in the 2018 Elections. Military Cyber Affairs, 4(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5038/2378-0789.4.2.1076
Smyth, S. M. (2020). The Facebook Conundrum: Is it Time to Usher in a New Era of Regulation for Big Tech?. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 13(2), 578–595. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3718955
Sneed, M. (2020). The Key to Regulating Facebook and Data Collection Companies is Transparency. Journal of Science and Technology, 30(1), 109–136.
Solove, D., & Hartzog, W. (2014). The FTC and the New Common Law of Privacy. Columbia Law Review, 114, 583–676. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2312913
Swindle, O. (2003). A Regulator’s Perspective on Protecting Consumers and Competitive Marketplaces: Developments at the FTC. Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/speeches/regulators-perspective-protecting-consumers-competitive-marketplaces-developments-ftc
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2015). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource (4th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wagner, B., Rozgonyi, K., Sekwenz, M.-T., Cobbe, J., & Singh, J. (2020). Regulating transparency? Facebook, Twitter and the German Network Enforcement Act. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372856
@Pappiness. (2018). Orrin Hatch just asked how Facebook makes money, but, in his defense, he was distracted because he forgot where he parked his dinosaur. #Zuckerberg [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Pappiness/status/983788609282215936
@StinaSternberg. (2018). More than anything, today’s hearing confirmed that we need term limits. We can’t keep letting clueless fossils run this country. Https://t.co/l5KG08a4oQ [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/StinaSternberg/status/983894803778859009
Balkin, J. M. (2019). How to Regulate (and Not Regulate) Social Media. Journal of Free Speech Law, 1, 71-96. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3484114
Beyersdorf, B. (2019). Regulating the Most Accessible Marketplace of Ideas in History: Disclosure Requirements in Online Political Advertisements After the 2016 Election. California Law Review, 107(3), 1061–1100. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38C53F20R
Cheng, R., & Jensen, M. (2018). D-link Systems: Possible Signs for the Future of Ftc Data Security Enforcement. Competition: Antitrust, UCL and Privacy (CLA), 28(1), 13–22.
Citron, D. K., & Wittes, B. (2018). The Problem Isn’t Just Backpage: Revising Section 230 Immunity. Georgetown Law Technology Review, 2, 453–473.
Congress. (2018). S.Hrg. 115-683—FACEBOOK, SOCIAL MEDIA PRIVACY, AND THE USE AND ABUSE OF DATA [Legislation]. https://www.congress.gov/event/115th-congress/senate-event/LC64510/text
Creser, O. T. (2021). In Antitrust We Trust? Big Tech Is Not the Problem—It’s Weak Data Privacy Protections. Federal Communications Law Journal, 73(2), 289–316.
Curry, J. M., & Haydon, M. R. (2018). Lawmaker Age, Issue Salience, and Senior Representation in Congress. American Politics Research, 46(4), 567–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X18754557
Denton, A. (2019). Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign. Boston University International Law Journal, 37, 183–210.
Federal Trade Commission. (t.t.). What the FTC Does | Federal Trade Commission. https://web.archive.org/web/20240204110921/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/what-ftc-does
Federal Trade Commission. (2011). Facebook Settles FTC Charges That It Deceived Consumers By Failing To Keep Privacy Promises. Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2011/11/facebook-settles-ftc-charges-it-deceived-consumers-failing-keep-privacy-promises
Federal Trade Commission. (2017). FTC Charges D-Link Put Consumers’ Privacy at Risk Due to the Inadequate Security of Its Computer Routers and Cameras. Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2017/01/ftc-charges-d-link-put-consumers-privacy-risk-due-inadequate-security-its-computer-routers-cameras
Feiner, L. (2021). Facebook exec will testify at Senate hearing after report finds Instagram harms teen mental health. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/23/facebook-exec-will-testify-at-senate-hearing-after-report-finds-instagram-harms-teen-mental-health.html
Haggart, B., & Tusikov, N. (2021). Resetting the Debate on Regulating Social Media: Part One. Centre for International Governance Innovation. https://www.cigionline.org/articles/resetting-the-debate-on-regulating-social-media/
Hoadley, C. M., Xu, H., Lee, J. J., & Rosson, M. B. (2010). Privacy as information access and illusory control: The case of the Facebook News Feed privacy outcry. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2009.05.001
Houser, K., & Voss, W. G. (2018). GDPR: The End of Google and Facebook or a New Paradigm in Data Privacy? Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, 25(1), 1–109. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3212210
Hu, M. (2020). Cambridge Analytica’s black box. Big Data & Society, 7(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720938091
Isaac, M. (2021). Facebook Renames Itself Meta. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/28/technology/facebook-meta-name-change.html
Johnson, A., & Castro, D. (2021). Overview of Section 230: What It Is, Why It Was Created, and What It Has Achieved | ITIF. https://itif.org/publications/2021/02/22/overview-section-230-what-it-why-it-was-created-and-what-it-has-achieved/
Khoiri, N. (2018). Metodologi penelitian pendidikan: Ragam, model, dan pendekatan. Semarang: Southeast Asian Publishing.
Klang, M., & Murray, A. (Eds.). (2004). Human Rights in the Digital Age (1st ed.). London: Routledge-Cavendish. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843146278
Lee, N. (2021). Facebook Nation: Total Information Awareness (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1867-7
Ma, A., & Gilbert, B. (2019). Facebook understood how dangerous the Trump-linked data firm Cambridge Analytica could be much earlier than it previously said. Here’s everything that’s happened up until now. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/cambridge-analytica-a-guide-to-the-trump-linked-data-firm-that-harvested-50-million-facebook-profiles-2018-3
McCombie, S., Uhlmann, A. J., & Morrison, S. (2020). The US 2016 presidential election & Russia’s troll farms. Intelligence and National Security, 35(1), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1673940
Oremus, W. (2021). Analysis | Congress is not as clueless about Facebook as it seems. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/04/sen-blumenthal-finsta-facebook/
Radia, S. (2011). Effective Regulations. CFA Society United Kingdom. Position Paper. Supported by CFA UK’s Market Integrity and Professionalism Committee. https://www.cfauk.org/-/media/files/pdf/pdf/5-professionalism/3-research-and-position-papers/effective-regulation.pdf
Rahman, K. S. (2018). The New Utilities: Private Power, Social Infrastructure, and the Revival of the Public Utility Concept. Cardozo Law Review, 39(5), 1621–1692.
Rehman, I. (2019). Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data harvesting: What you need to know. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1–13.
Schafer, J. (2020). The Influence of Information Power Upon the Great Game in Cyberspace: U.S. Wins Over Russian Meddling in the 2018 Elections. Military Cyber Affairs, 4(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5038/2378-0789.4.2.1076
Smyth, S. M. (2020). The Facebook Conundrum: Is it Time to Usher in a New Era of Regulation for Big Tech?. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 13(2), 578–595. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3718955
Sneed, M. (2020). The Key to Regulating Facebook and Data Collection Companies is Transparency. Journal of Science and Technology, 30(1), 109–136.
Solove, D., & Hartzog, W. (2014). The FTC and the New Common Law of Privacy. Columbia Law Review, 114, 583–676. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2312913
Swindle, O. (2003). A Regulator’s Perspective on Protecting Consumers and Competitive Marketplaces: Developments at the FTC. Federal Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/speeches/regulators-perspective-protecting-consumers-competitive-marketplaces-developments-ftc
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2015). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource (4th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wagner, B., Rozgonyi, K., Sekwenz, M.-T., Cobbe, J., & Singh, J. (2020). Regulating transparency? Facebook, Twitter and the German Network Enforcement Act. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372856
Published
2024-08-12
How to Cite
Ivan Borneva. (2024). KENDALA AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MEREGULASI PERUSAHAAN MEDIA SOSIAL META PLATFORMS. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 8(2), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v8i2.565
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
