ANALYZING THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN FACING TALIBAN RESTRICTION WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN AFGHANISTAN 2021
Keywords:
UN, education, woman, Taliban
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of the UN in addressing the restrictions on women's education imposed by the Taliban government in 2021. This study employs a qualitative approach with a literature review methodology. Primary data consists of research findings from journals accessed through databases like Scopus, Publish or Perish 8, Google Scholar, and Google, using keywords such as Afghanistan, Discrimination, UN, Education, and Restrictions, with a timeframe limit from 2019 to 2024. Secondary data includes various relevant literature. The collected data is then analyzed using a Human Rights perspective. The author finds that the UN has played a role in addressing ongoing issues in Afghanistan and in efforts to prevent further problems, through advocacy activities, technical assistance, and humanitarian support. Additionally, the UN engages the international community to exert pressure on the Taliban government and to facilitate dialogue with them
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References
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VOA. (2024). PBB: Taliban Mulai Longgarkan Kewajiban Berhijab pada Perempuan Afghanistan.
Wenno, V. K. (2012). Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku. (November 2020), 12–16.
Wittrock, J. (n.d.). Women’s Education in Afghanistan.
World Bank. (n.d.). Diplomacy and Development.
Aryono, R. A. (2023). Peran Unicef Dalam Mendukung Pendidikan Perempuan Di Afghanistan Tahun 2021-2023.
Australian Human Rights Commission. (n.d.). What are human rights?
Azizah, N., & Noor Ahsana, F. (2023). The Role of UN Women in Addressing Women’s Rights in Afghanistan under Taliban. Journal of Islamic World and Politics.
Barbara Kameniar, Gali Weiss, & Mursal Nazari. (2023). New Hope/Omid Now ( ): Supporting Afghan Women to Access Higher Education by Reimagining the Sustainable Development Goals.
Batuwael, V., Hanafia, I. H., & Leatemia, W. (2023). Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Perempuan dan Tanggung Jawab Negara. Study Review, 1, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.56301/awl.v4i1.256
BBC News Indonesia. (2021). Taliban Berjanji Hak-Hak Perempuan Afghanistan Akan Dilindungi dalam Hukum Syariah Islam.
Belquis Ahmadi, & Hodei Sultan. (2023). Taking a Terrible Toll: The Taliban’s Education Ban Over a year and a half after the Taliban barred girls from secondary education, ‘the sadness is overpowering,’ one female student told USIP.
CARE International, ICRC, & UN Women. (2022). Afghanistan: Inter-agency Rapid Gender Analysis (November 2022).
Dewi Sartika. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Pembelajaran Daring Di Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dan Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Bima. Kreatif. Jurnal Studi Pemikiran Pendidikan Agama Islam.
Dr. Shahzadi Seema, Brigadier Dr. Muhammad Naeem Akbar Qazi, & Dr. Madeeha Neelam. (2023). Ban on Girls Education in Afghanistan After the Re-emergence of the Taliban in 2021: Challenges and Way Forward. International Journal of Human and Society, 3(4), 50–57.
Duanyam. (2021). Women’s Education: Why It’s Substantial.
Easar, F., Azizi, H. ;, Rahmani, K. ;, Moradi, M. ;, Taieb, R. ;, & Faqiryar, W. N. (2023). Education in Afghanistan since 2001: Evolutions and Rollbacks. (Research Series of Rumi Organization for Research, 1). Retrieved from http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/
Faadhilah A, & A. Nur Anandya. (2022). Analisis Hukum Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB S/RES/2513 Tahun 2020 dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pemerintahan Taliban Di Afghanistan. Universitas Hasanuddin.
Hayward, F. M., & Karim, R. (2019). The struggle for higher education gender equity policy in Afghanistan: Obstacles, challenges and achievements. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3036
Human Rights Watch. (n.d.). Advocacy involves raising awareness and promoting action on a particular issue.
Ikhsana, L., & Imroatun Khasanah, E. (2020). The Urgency of Guaranteeing the Protection of Women’s Rights in Afghanistan Post-Taliban Leadership Based on International Human Rights Principles. Jurnal Scientia Indonesia.
Lestari, O. D. (2021). Upaya Perlawanan Perempuan Afghanistan dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Opresi/Kebijakan Opresif Taliban. Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS), 3(2), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v3i2.88
Maharani, E. (2023). PBB Sebut Dialog dengan Taliban Harus Terus Dilakukan.
Matiullah Qazizada. (2024). Impacts of the Taliban’s ban on women’s work and education.
Mifin Amala. (2020). Konsep Eksistensi Wanita Menurut Mustafa Al-Ghalayayn dalam Kitab Izat al-Nasi’in dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam.
Mutawally, A. F. (2022). Perkembangan Pendidikan di Afghanistan Pada Masa Pemerintahan Taliban ( 1996-2001 ). Retrieved from https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id./index.php/twt/article/download/6566/4363
Parwaiz Najibi, & Claire McLachlan. (2023). Moving Towards a Sustainable Future for Women in Afghanistan Through Increased Tertiary Education Participation: Challenges and Possibilities.
Rahmawati, R., Nur, P., F, A., Maulana, M. I., Heriansyah, H., & Andrianto, I. (n.d.). Hak Asasi Manusia dan Diplomasi Kemanusiaan. Human Rights and Humanitarian Diplomacy.
Reisy Fitria Cherly. (2022). Perlindungan Terhadap Hak Asasi Perempuan Di Afghanistan.
Rhodri Davies. (2021). Afghanistan: Taliban kembali berkuasa, “setiap orang ketakutanâ€, warga meratapi hilangnya kebebasan.
Rojan Afrouz, Beth R Crisp, & Ann Taket. (2022). Afghan women perceptions of gender roles, possibilities and barriers to change after settlement in Australia: A qualitative study. 22(3).
Sabar Subekti. (2023). PBB: Dampak Pembatasan Taliban, Kesehatan Mental Perempuan Afghanistan Memburuk.
Saleem Mazhar, M., & Goraya, N. S. (n.d.). Afghan Women Education: Bottlenecks & Future. In A Research Journal of South Asian Studies 47 South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies (Vol. 35). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/education
Tsabitah Rizqi Ekanoviarini, & Aji Wibowo. (2022). Pelanggaran Hak Perempuan Di Afghanistan Selama Kekuasaan Rezim Taliban Berdasarkan Konvensi CEDAW. Reformasi Hukum Trisakti, 4(4), 715–728. https://doi.org/10.25105/refor.v4i4.14097
UN News. (n.d.). UN urges Taliban to reverse the ban on girls’ education urges Taliban to reverse ban on girls’ education.
UNICEF. (2019). Unicef Afghanistan Annual Report 2019.
VOA. (2023). Taliban Tolak Rencana Dewan Keamanan PBB Tunjuk Utusan Khusus Afghanistan.
VOA. (2024). PBB: Taliban Mulai Longgarkan Kewajiban Berhijab pada Perempuan Afghanistan.
Wenno, V. K. (2012). Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku. (November 2020), 12–16.
Wittrock, J. (n.d.). Women’s Education in Afghanistan.
World Bank. (n.d.). Diplomacy and Development.
Published
2025-02-26
How to Cite
Azzahrah, A. K., & Yumitro, G. (2025). ANALYZING THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN FACING TALIBAN RESTRICTION WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN AFGHANISTAN 2021. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 9(1), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v9i1.599
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Articles
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