PHASED MARKET ACCLIMATIZATION AND PERIODIC ECONOMIC RESILIENCE: INDONESIA RESPONSE TO THE RUSSIA–UKRAINE WAR (2020–2025)
Keywords:
Market acclimatization, commodity fluctuations, Russia-Ukraine war, economic resilience
Abstract
This study examines Indonesia's response to external economic shocks triggered by the Russia–Ukraine War from 2020 to 2025. It follows a phased process of market acclimatization and periodic economic resilience. Grounded in the theory of economic resilience—encompassing absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities—and perspectives on global supply chain restructuring, the research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. The analysis utilizes secondary trade data from TradeMap and SatuData (Ministry of Trade), exchange rate statistics from Bank Indonesia, and official trade and food policy documents to trace shifts in commodity flows, import structures, and policy responses. The findings indicate a sequential trajectory of resilience. Initial financial stabilization, reflecting absorptive capacity, occurred from 2020 to 2021. This was followed by policy recalibration, demonstrated through subsidy adjustments and import diversification, which showcased adaptive capacity from 2022 to 2023. Finally, between 2024 and 2025, structural reforms in trade configuration and food diversification signified the emergence of transformative capacity. These results suggest that Indonesia's response evolved from short-term stabilization towards progressively institutionalized economic resilience
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Anas, T., Hill, H., Narjoko, D., & Putra, C. T. (2022). The Indonesian Economy in Turbulent Times. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 58(3), 241–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2022.2133344
Arifin, Z. (2025). Indonesia Strategic Management nn Energy. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Azrimultiy, V. (2025). Peran Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Ekspor dan Impor pada Sektor Agrikultur dan Manufaktur di Indonesia. IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA, 8(2), 518–533. https://doi.org/10.37817/IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA
Bakrie, C. R., Delanova, M. O., & Yani, Y. M. (2022). Pengaruh Perang Rusia dan Ukraina Terhadap Perekonomian Negara Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Caraka Prabu : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v6i1.1019
Bank Indonesia, B. I. (2024). Laporan perekonomian Indonesia 2023–2024. Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan-tahunan/Default.aspx
Banurea, P. P., Aini, R., & Manurung, H. (2023). Dampak Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia: Analisis Volume Perdagangan dan Perubahan Pola Perdagangan. Journal of Business Studies, 8(1), 1–10. https://journal.uta45jakarta.ac.id/index.php/jbsuta/article/view/7066
Bapanas. (2023). Laporan ketahanan pangan nasional 2023. Badan Pangan Nasional. https://bapanas.go.id/ketahanan-pangan-2023
Blanchard, O. (2020). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Pearson.
Briguglio, L. (2009). A vulnerability and resilience framework for small states. Islands and Small States Institute.
Chen, W., & Rojas, V. (2023). Commodity-exporting economies and post-crisis recovery: Evidence from emerging markets. Journal of International Economics, 140(103765), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103765
Coe, N. M., & Yeung, H. W. (2019). Global production networks: Theorizing economic development in an interconnected world. Oxford University Press.
COMTRADE. (2024). Indonesia Imports from Russia and Ukraine. TradingEconomics. https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/imports/russia
Comtrade UN, U. C. (2023). United Nations International Trade Statistics Database. In United Nations Statistics Division. United Nations Statistics Division.
Eiteman, D. K., Stonehill, A. I., & Moffett, M. H. (2021). Multinational business finance (15th ed.). Pearson.
FAO. (2006). Food security policy brief. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/a-y4671e.pdf
FAO. (2023). The state of commodity markets 2023. Food and Agriculture Organization. https://www.fao.org/publications/soco/en/
FocusEconomics. (2025). Indonesia – Exchange Rate Forecasts (USD/IDR). FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast. https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/indonesia/exchange-rate/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Gopinath, G., Kalemli-Özcan, Ş., & Carvalho, D. (2022). Global trade and geopolitics: Currency shocks and transmission. IMF Working Paper, 22, 166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jae.v18i1.9876
Hasanah, S., & Nurdiansyah, R. (2024). Diversifikasi mitra dagang sebagai strategi stabilisasi pangan Indonesia: Analisis masa konflik Rusia–Ukraina. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 18(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jae.v18i1.9876
Hermawan, H., & Andrianyta, H. (2023). Respons Kebijakan Terhadap Potensi Krisis Pangan Global. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 14(4), 400. https://doi.org/10.31258/jkp.v14i4.8354
Hutabarat, G. F. I. (2022). Arah Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Pasca Perang Rusia-Ukraina Berdasarkan Perspektif National Interest. Jurnal Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Ilmu Sosial, 3(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.36722/jaiss.v3i3.1323
Ibrahim, M. R., Sudirman, A., & Tumulo, L. J. (2024). Implikasi Dinamika Geopolitik Energi Rusia-Ukraina terhadap Keamanan Energi di Indonesia. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(3), 1314–1323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i3.689
IEA. (2022). Oil market report 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-2022
Ilman, N. Z., & Anam, M. Z. (2023). Impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the energy sector in southeast asia. Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 5(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v5i1.18574
Istiqomah, F. Al. (2025). The Impact of The Russia-Ukraine Conflict on Indonesia’s Food Security. Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies, 9(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33541/japs.v9i2.7147
Iswahyudi, I., & Millatipuan, M. A. (2024). Konsekuensi terhadap Perekonomian Republik Indonesia Akibat Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. JPEKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jpeka.v8n1.p51-68
Kemenkeu. (2023). APBN Kita: Kinerja dan fakta APBN tahun 2022–2023. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbn-kita/
Kementan. (2022). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 10 Tahun 2022 tentang pupuk bersubsidi. https://www.pertanian.go.id/permendagri-no-10-2022
Khan, F. (2023). Geopolitical shocks and exchange rates: Evidence from emerging economies. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 59(4), 1021–1038. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2022.2106858
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. (2018). International economics: Theory and policy (11th ed.). Pearson.
Lestari, I. (2024). Keterkaitan pangan dan politik-ekonomi global. Gender, Human Development, and Economics, 1(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61511/ghde.v1i2.2024.1212
Mishkin, F. S. (2019). The economics of money, banking, and financial markets (12th ed.). Pearson.
Moh, I., Fikri, A., & Ryan, R. (2025). Strategi Indonesia dalam Menekan Ketergantungan Impor Gandum dan Kedelai (2010–2023): Perspektif Ketahanan Ekonomi Nasional. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 2410–2420. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i2.1513
Paminto, S. R., Herawati, A., Nabila, B., Aliyatunnisa, N., Putri, R. A., Alhaddi, R. U., Selviana, S., Maharani, S. J., & Maharani, W. P. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Komiditi Pertanian Menghadapi Krisis Pangan Dengan Penguatan Anggaran. Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(3), 135–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/humif.v1i3.306
Prasetyo, A. (2023). Dampak kebijakan subsidi pupuk dan ketahanan pangan selama krisis komoditas global. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia, 14(2), 110–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jepi.v14i2.879
Prasetyo, T. A., Syah, N. F. M., Ghofari, A., Aidah, N., Faruq, U., Mirzak, M., & Khatimah, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Ekonomi International. At-Tawazun, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 12(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55799/tawazun.v12i01.491
Rachmawati, R. A., Saragih, H. J. R., Yanca, I. G. S. K., & Widodo, P. (2023). Analisa Ancaman Kenaikan Harga Pangan di Indonesia Akibat Perang Rusia-Ukraina Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 7(1), 1245–1257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i1.5437
Rahmanto, D. (2023). Dampak kenaikan harga gandum global terhadap industri pangan Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Nusantara, 7(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jtpn.v7i1.765
Rose, A. (2007). Economic resilience to disasters: Toward a consistent and comprehensive formulation. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(3), 337–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710756546
Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (1995). Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER Working Paper. https://www.nber.org/papers/w5398
Sarwani, M., Mulyono, J., & Irianto, S. G. (2023). Krisis Pupuk Dunia dan Dampaknya Bagi Indonesia Global Fertilizer Crisis and Its Impact on Indonesia. Jurnal Analis Kebijakan, 7(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37145/jak.v7i1.560
SatuData, K. (2024). Impor Indonesia dari Rusia dan Ukraina 2018-2023: Buletin Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia - Kawasan Amerop. Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. https://kemlu.go.id/files-service/storage/repositori/56623/172775616566fb778550d29_Buletin_Perdagangan_Int_Indonesia_kawasan_Amerop_2018_q1_2023.pdf
Simanjuntak, T. M., & Dermawan, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perang Rusia dan Ukraina terhadap Perekonomian di Negara Indonesia. JIMS: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2), 1–8. https://www.jameb.stimlasharanjaya.ac.id/index.php/JIMS/article/view/199/174
Siregar, H., & Wahyudi, A. (2023). Pengaruh kebijakan suku bunga BI-7DRR terhadap stabilitas nilai tukar Rupiah pada masa ketidakpastian global. Jurnal Kebijakan Moneter, 12(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jkm.v12i1.456
Suhartien, I. (2025). Peran Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Nasional melalui Perdagangan Internasional. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 2983–2990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i2.1582
Tambunan, A. M., Saerang, I. S., & Wenas, R. S. (2023). Reaksi Pasar Modal Indonesia Terhadap Invasi Rusia Ke Ukraina Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam Sektor Energi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(1), 902–909. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v11i1.46574
Tampubolon, M. (2022). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and its Impact on Global Geopolitics. European Scientific Journal, 18(20), 48–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n20p48
TradeMap. (2024). Indonesia’s agricultural imports by partner country 2020–2024. International Trade Centre. https://www.trademap.org
TradeMap. (2024). Indonesia import statistics by partner country (Russia and Ukraine). International Trade Centre (ITC). https://www.trademap.org/
Udayana, A. (2025). Dampak Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Hubungan Diplomatik Antara Indonesia dan Rusia. Diplomacy and Global Security Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Hubungan Internasional, 1(2), 108–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/dgsj.v2i1.3495
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (2023). Grain and feed update: Indonesia. Department of Agriculture. https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/grain-and-feed-update-indonesia-2023
Viona, M., N, N., Katanging, D. G., & Candra, M. (2025). Ekonomi Politik Ketahanan Pangan di Indonesia: Peran Negara Dalam Menghadapi Krisis Pangan. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 2(11), 502–508. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15613605
Wulandari, G., Hodijah, S., & Vyn Amzar, Y. (2019). Impor gandum Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. E-Journal Perdagangan Industri Dan Moneter, 7(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.22437/pim.v7i2.8887
Yudiartono, Y., Windarta, J., & Adiarso, A. (2023). Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 12(2), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50361
Yuliawati, E., & Wijaya, H. (2024). Inovasi substitusi pangan lokal sebagai strategi ketahanan nasional pasca krisis gandum global. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 30(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jkn.v30i1.678
Yuniarti, T. (2025). Dampak Perang di Berbagai Wilayah Dunia terhadap Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora, 11(2), 1086–1096. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v11i2.4134
Arifin, Z. (2025). Indonesia Strategic Management nn Energy. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Azrimultiy, V. (2025). Peran Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Ekspor dan Impor pada Sektor Agrikultur dan Manufaktur di Indonesia. IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA, 8(2), 518–533. https://doi.org/10.37817/IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA
Bakrie, C. R., Delanova, M. O., & Yani, Y. M. (2022). Pengaruh Perang Rusia dan Ukraina Terhadap Perekonomian Negara Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Caraka Prabu : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v6i1.1019
Bank Indonesia, B. I. (2024). Laporan perekonomian Indonesia 2023–2024. Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan-tahunan/Default.aspx
Banurea, P. P., Aini, R., & Manurung, H. (2023). Dampak Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia: Analisis Volume Perdagangan dan Perubahan Pola Perdagangan. Journal of Business Studies, 8(1), 1–10. https://journal.uta45jakarta.ac.id/index.php/jbsuta/article/view/7066
Bapanas. (2023). Laporan ketahanan pangan nasional 2023. Badan Pangan Nasional. https://bapanas.go.id/ketahanan-pangan-2023
Blanchard, O. (2020). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Pearson.
Briguglio, L. (2009). A vulnerability and resilience framework for small states. Islands and Small States Institute.
Chen, W., & Rojas, V. (2023). Commodity-exporting economies and post-crisis recovery: Evidence from emerging markets. Journal of International Economics, 140(103765), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103765
Coe, N. M., & Yeung, H. W. (2019). Global production networks: Theorizing economic development in an interconnected world. Oxford University Press.
COMTRADE. (2024). Indonesia Imports from Russia and Ukraine. TradingEconomics. https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/imports/russia
Comtrade UN, U. C. (2023). United Nations International Trade Statistics Database. In United Nations Statistics Division. United Nations Statistics Division.
Eiteman, D. K., Stonehill, A. I., & Moffett, M. H. (2021). Multinational business finance (15th ed.). Pearson.
FAO. (2006). Food security policy brief. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/a-y4671e.pdf
FAO. (2023). The state of commodity markets 2023. Food and Agriculture Organization. https://www.fao.org/publications/soco/en/
FocusEconomics. (2025). Indonesia – Exchange Rate Forecasts (USD/IDR). FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast. https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/indonesia/exchange-rate/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Gopinath, G., Kalemli-Özcan, Ş., & Carvalho, D. (2022). Global trade and geopolitics: Currency shocks and transmission. IMF Working Paper, 22, 166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jae.v18i1.9876
Hasanah, S., & Nurdiansyah, R. (2024). Diversifikasi mitra dagang sebagai strategi stabilisasi pangan Indonesia: Analisis masa konflik Rusia–Ukraina. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 18(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jae.v18i1.9876
Hermawan, H., & Andrianyta, H. (2023). Respons Kebijakan Terhadap Potensi Krisis Pangan Global. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 14(4), 400. https://doi.org/10.31258/jkp.v14i4.8354
Hutabarat, G. F. I. (2022). Arah Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Pasca Perang Rusia-Ukraina Berdasarkan Perspektif National Interest. Jurnal Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Ilmu Sosial, 3(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.36722/jaiss.v3i3.1323
Ibrahim, M. R., Sudirman, A., & Tumulo, L. J. (2024). Implikasi Dinamika Geopolitik Energi Rusia-Ukraina terhadap Keamanan Energi di Indonesia. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(3), 1314–1323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i3.689
IEA. (2022). Oil market report 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-2022
Ilman, N. Z., & Anam, M. Z. (2023). Impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the energy sector in southeast asia. Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 5(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v5i1.18574
Istiqomah, F. Al. (2025). The Impact of The Russia-Ukraine Conflict on Indonesia’s Food Security. Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies, 9(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33541/japs.v9i2.7147
Iswahyudi, I., & Millatipuan, M. A. (2024). Konsekuensi terhadap Perekonomian Republik Indonesia Akibat Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. JPEKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jpeka.v8n1.p51-68
Kemenkeu. (2023). APBN Kita: Kinerja dan fakta APBN tahun 2022–2023. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbn-kita/
Kementan. (2022). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 10 Tahun 2022 tentang pupuk bersubsidi. https://www.pertanian.go.id/permendagri-no-10-2022
Khan, F. (2023). Geopolitical shocks and exchange rates: Evidence from emerging economies. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 59(4), 1021–1038. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2022.2106858
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. (2018). International economics: Theory and policy (11th ed.). Pearson.
Lestari, I. (2024). Keterkaitan pangan dan politik-ekonomi global. Gender, Human Development, and Economics, 1(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61511/ghde.v1i2.2024.1212
Mishkin, F. S. (2019). The economics of money, banking, and financial markets (12th ed.). Pearson.
Moh, I., Fikri, A., & Ryan, R. (2025). Strategi Indonesia dalam Menekan Ketergantungan Impor Gandum dan Kedelai (2010–2023): Perspektif Ketahanan Ekonomi Nasional. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 2410–2420. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i2.1513
Paminto, S. R., Herawati, A., Nabila, B., Aliyatunnisa, N., Putri, R. A., Alhaddi, R. U., Selviana, S., Maharani, S. J., & Maharani, W. P. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Komiditi Pertanian Menghadapi Krisis Pangan Dengan Penguatan Anggaran. Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(3), 135–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/humif.v1i3.306
Prasetyo, A. (2023). Dampak kebijakan subsidi pupuk dan ketahanan pangan selama krisis komoditas global. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia, 14(2), 110–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jepi.v14i2.879
Prasetyo, T. A., Syah, N. F. M., Ghofari, A., Aidah, N., Faruq, U., Mirzak, M., & Khatimah, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Ekonomi International. At-Tawazun, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 12(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55799/tawazun.v12i01.491
Rachmawati, R. A., Saragih, H. J. R., Yanca, I. G. S. K., & Widodo, P. (2023). Analisa Ancaman Kenaikan Harga Pangan di Indonesia Akibat Perang Rusia-Ukraina Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 7(1), 1245–1257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v7i1.5437
Rahmanto, D. (2023). Dampak kenaikan harga gandum global terhadap industri pangan Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Nusantara, 7(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jtpn.v7i1.765
Rose, A. (2007). Economic resilience to disasters: Toward a consistent and comprehensive formulation. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(3), 337–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710756546
Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (1995). Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER Working Paper. https://www.nber.org/papers/w5398
Sarwani, M., Mulyono, J., & Irianto, S. G. (2023). Krisis Pupuk Dunia dan Dampaknya Bagi Indonesia Global Fertilizer Crisis and Its Impact on Indonesia. Jurnal Analis Kebijakan, 7(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37145/jak.v7i1.560
SatuData, K. (2024). Impor Indonesia dari Rusia dan Ukraina 2018-2023: Buletin Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia - Kawasan Amerop. Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. https://kemlu.go.id/files-service/storage/repositori/56623/172775616566fb778550d29_Buletin_Perdagangan_Int_Indonesia_kawasan_Amerop_2018_q1_2023.pdf
Simanjuntak, T. M., & Dermawan, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perang Rusia dan Ukraina terhadap Perekonomian di Negara Indonesia. JIMS: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2), 1–8. https://www.jameb.stimlasharanjaya.ac.id/index.php/JIMS/article/view/199/174
Siregar, H., & Wahyudi, A. (2023). Pengaruh kebijakan suku bunga BI-7DRR terhadap stabilitas nilai tukar Rupiah pada masa ketidakpastian global. Jurnal Kebijakan Moneter, 12(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jkm.v12i1.456
Suhartien, I. (2025). Peran Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Nasional melalui Perdagangan Internasional. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 2983–2990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i2.1582
Tambunan, A. M., Saerang, I. S., & Wenas, R. S. (2023). Reaksi Pasar Modal Indonesia Terhadap Invasi Rusia Ke Ukraina Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam Sektor Energi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(1), 902–909. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v11i1.46574
Tampubolon, M. (2022). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and its Impact on Global Geopolitics. European Scientific Journal, 18(20), 48–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n20p48
TradeMap. (2024). Indonesia’s agricultural imports by partner country 2020–2024. International Trade Centre. https://www.trademap.org
TradeMap. (2024). Indonesia import statistics by partner country (Russia and Ukraine). International Trade Centre (ITC). https://www.trademap.org/
Udayana, A. (2025). Dampak Perang Rusia-Ukraina Terhadap Hubungan Diplomatik Antara Indonesia dan Rusia. Diplomacy and Global Security Journal : Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Hubungan Internasional, 1(2), 108–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36859/dgsj.v2i1.3495
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (2023). Grain and feed update: Indonesia. Department of Agriculture. https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/grain-and-feed-update-indonesia-2023
Viona, M., N, N., Katanging, D. G., & Candra, M. (2025). Ekonomi Politik Ketahanan Pangan di Indonesia: Peran Negara Dalam Menghadapi Krisis Pangan. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 2(11), 502–508. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15613605
Wulandari, G., Hodijah, S., & Vyn Amzar, Y. (2019). Impor gandum Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. E-Journal Perdagangan Industri Dan Moneter, 7(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.22437/pim.v7i2.8887
Yudiartono, Y., Windarta, J., & Adiarso, A. (2023). Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 12(2), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.50361
Yuliawati, E., & Wijaya, H. (2024). Inovasi substitusi pangan lokal sebagai strategi ketahanan nasional pasca krisis gandum global. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 30(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1234/jkn.v30i1.678
Yuniarti, T. (2025). Dampak Perang di Berbagai Wilayah Dunia terhadap Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora, 11(2), 1086–1096. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v11i2.4134
Published
2026-02-20
How to Cite
Feriawan, D., & Maksum, A. (2026). PHASED MARKET ACCLIMATIZATION AND PERIODIC ECONOMIC RESILIENCE: INDONESIA RESPONSE TO THE RUSSIA–UKRAINE WAR (2020–2025). Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 10(1), 44-59. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v10i1.834
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Dharma Feriawan, Ali Maksum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License
IJIR is fully open access. All articles are immediately and freely available upon publication and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Authors retain copyright. By submitting, authors grant IJIR:
- Right of first publication
- Right to distribute the work under CC BY-SA 4.0
Under this license, others may share, adapt, and use the work, even for commercial purposes, provided proper attribution is given and derivative works use the same license.
