AKTIVISME GREENPEACE DALAM MENDORONG PERUSAHAAN SHELL BERKONTRIBUSI PADA PERJANJIAN PARIS
Keywords:
Greenpeace, non-governmental organization, Paris Agreement, Shell
Abstract
This research examines Greenpeace's activism in encouraging the Shell company to contribute to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the power of Greenpeace as an INGO in that case. Through the concept of the main function of non-governmental organizations according to Glasius, Kaldor, and Anheier as an analytical tool as well as the concept of the power of non-governmental organizations according to Boström & Hallström. This research is described using descriptive and qualitative methods, as well as documentation studies which produce the argument that Greenpeace carries out its function as activism which acts as an "alarm" for the global corporation Shell to contribute to the 2015 Paris Agreement. In its advocacy efforts to sue Shell, Greenpeace achieved victory over collective demands. The alliance, in this case, cannot be separated from the power possessed by Greenpeace as an NGO, namely symbolic power, social power, cognitive power and supervisory power
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Boström, M., & Hallström, K. T. (2010). NGO power in global social and environmental standard-setting. Global Environmental Politics, 10(4), 36–59. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00030
Clearygottlieb. (2021, June 30). Dutch Court Orders Shell to Reduce Emissions in First Climate Change Ruling Against Company. https://www.clearygottlieb.com/news-and-insights/publication-listing/dutch-court-orders-shell-to-reduce-emissions-in-first-climate-change-ruling-against-company
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Der Spiegel. (2021). Greenpeace vs Shell: Die Brent Spar. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4bWHxi_0Mk
Domans, M., & Preston, M. J. (2021). Dutch Court Order Shell to Reduce Emissions in First Climate Change Ruling Against Company. https://www.clearygottlieb.com/news-and-insights/publication-listing/dutch-court-orders-shell-to-reduce-emissions-in-first-climate-change-ruling-against-company
Fadhilia, M. N. (2022). Kampante Greenpeace Dalam Mencegah Aktivitas Pengeboran Minyak Oleh Shell dan Finlandia di Wilayah Arktik. 2(2).
FoE. (2005). Court case result-Oil companies ordered to stop gas flaring in Nigeria. https://www.foei.org/court-orders-oil-companies-to-stop-gas-flaring-in-nigeria/#:~:text=In a historic judgment today,rights to life and dignity
FoEI. (2018). These Eight Scandals Prove Shell’s long History of Contempt for People and Planet. https://www.foei.org/eight-shell-scandals/
Glasius, M., Kaldor, M., & Anheier, H. (2003). Global Civil Society Yearbook 2002. Oxford University Press.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2023). Aktivis Greenpeace Menaiki dan Menempati Platform Shell Dengan Membawa Pesan “Hentikanlah Pengeboran, Mulailah Membayar. https://www.greenpeace.org/indonesia/siaran-pers/56043/aktivis-greenpeace-menaiki-dan-menempati-platform-shell-dengan-membawa-pesan-hentikan-pengeboran-mulailah-membayar/
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Greenpeace International. (2023). How Greenpeace Activist Occupied a Shell Platform Heading For a Major Oil and Gas Field. https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/international-loss-damage-action/#:~:text=Greenpeace International activists boarded a,drilling for more fossil fuels
Johnson, J. (2023). Stop Drilling and Start Paying: Greenpeace Activist Occupy Shell Oil Platform. https://www.commondreams.org/news/greenpeace-shell-oil-platform
Lewis, D., & Kanji, N. (2009). Non-Governmental Organizations and Development. In Non-Governmental Organizations and Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203877074
Loyensloeff. (2023). Dutch Court Rules in Climate Case: Royal Dutch Shell v Friends of the Earth Netherlands and Others. https://www.loyensloeff.com/insights/news--events/news/dutch-court-rules-in-climate-case-royal-dutch-shell-v-friends-of-the-earth-netherlands-and-others/
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: a Methods Sourcebook (Third Edit). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Pearson Education Limited (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488
Pusparisa, Y. (2019). Perusahaan Energi Penyumbang Emisi Terbesar. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/12/14/ini-20-perusahaan-energi-penyumbang-emisi-terbesar
Shell. (2023). Achieving Net-Zero Emissions. https://www.shell.com/powering-progress/achieving-net-zero-emissions.html
The Pop History Dig. (2020, April 15). The Brent Spar Fight- Greenpeace: 1995. Environmental History. https://pophistorydig.com/topics/greenpeace-shell-brent-spar/
Tobing, S. (2020). Shell Hadapi Tuntutan di Pengadilan Belanda Terkait Emisi Karbon. https://katadata.co.id/sortatobing/ekonomi-hijau/5fc5d77bcaa92/shell-hadapi-tuntutan-di-pengadilan-belanda-terkait-emisi-karbon
UNFCC. (2023). The Paris Agreement: What is the Paris Agreement? https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement
WALHI. (2021). Friends of the Earth Memenangkan Gugatan Iklim Melawan Shell. https://www.walhi.or.id/friends-of-the-earth-memenangkan-gugatan-iklim-melawan-shell
World Bank. (2015). Private Sector-an Integral part of Climate Action Post-Paris. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/12/30/private-sector-an-integral-part-of-climate-action-post-paris
Published
2024-02-27
How to Cite
Nazlatunnuha, D. F. (2024). AKTIVISME GREENPEACE DALAM MENDORONG PERUSAHAAN SHELL BERKONTRIBUSI PADA PERJANJIAN PARIS. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 8(1), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v8i1.480
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
